Plant Protect. Sci., 2024, 60(1):80-88 | DOI: 10.17221/74/2023-PPS

The effect of conidia density and application frequency of the entomopathogenic fungus Aschersonia aleyrodis in controlling silverleaf whitefly (Bemisia tabaci) on tomato (Solanum lycopersicum Linnaeus)Original Paper

Sudarjat1, Fitri Widiantini1, Yula Salsabila2, Syariful Mubarok2
1 Department of Plant Pests and Diseases, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, Indonesia
2 Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, Indonesia

One of several important pests that attack tomato plants is the silverleaf whitefly (Bemisia tabaci) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae). An eco-friendly method to control B. tabaci utilizes the entomopathogenic fungus, namely Aschersonia aleyrodis. This study aimed to determine the effect of A. aleyrodis conidia density and the frequency of its application to control silverleaf whitefly (B. tabaci) pest on tomato plants under screen house conditions. This study used a randomized completely block design (RCBD) to test ten combination treatments. Each treatment was repeated three times. The results showed that application of A. aleyrodis at conidia densities of 106 conidia/mL, 107 conidia/mL, and 108 conidia/mL with an application frequency of up to once every three weeks was still effective in controlling B. tabaci populations on tomato plants. The highest population suppression rates for B. tabaci (90.6%), tomato yield (1 009 g/plant and 16 fruits/plant), percentage of mycosis (96.6%), and percentage of mummification (97.3%) were found to occur at a conidia density of 108 conidia/mL with the application frequency of once a week.

Keywords: population suppression; mycosis; mummification; biological control

Received: June 21, 2023; Revised: October 14, 2023; Accepted: October 24, 2023; Prepublished online: December 21, 2023; Published: February 21, 2024  Show citation

ACS AIP APA ASA Harvard Chicago Chicago Notes IEEE ISO690 MLA NLM Turabian Vancouver
Sudarjat, Widiantini F, Salsabila Y, Mubarok S. The effect of conidia density and application frequency of the entomopathogenic fungus Aschersonia aleyrodis in controlling silverleaf whitefly (Bemisia tabaci) on tomato (Solanum lycopersicum Linnaeus). Plant Protect. Sci. 2024;60(1):80-88. doi: 10.17221/74/2023-PPS.
Share...
Download citation
  • BibTeX (.bib)
  • Bookends (.ris)
  • EasyBib (.ris)
  • EndNote (.enw)
  • EndNote 8 (.xml)
  • ISI WoS (.isi)
  • Medlars (.medlars)
  • Mendeley (.ris)
  • MODS (.xml)
  • Papers (.ris)
  • RefWorks (.txt)
  • RefManager (.ris)
  • RIS (.ris)
  • MS Word (.xml)
  • Zotero (.ris)
    • Open full article

    References

    1. Abbas M.S.T. (2020): Interactions between entomopathogenic fungi and entomophagous insects. Advances in Entomology, 8: 130. Go to original source...
    2. Baker B.P., Green T.A., Loker A.J. (2020): Biological control and integrated pest management in organic and conventional systems. Biological Control, 140: 104095. Go to original source...
    3. Butt T.M., Goettel M.S. (2000): Bioassays of entomogenous fungi. Bioassays of Entomopathogenic Microbes and Nematodes: 141-195. Go to original source...
    4. BPS (2023): Produksi Tanaman Sayuran. Available at: https://www.bps.go.id/site/pilihdata. (accessed Oct 4, 2023). (in Indonesian)
    5. Cloyd R. (2003): The Entomophtogen Verticillium lecanii. Available at http//www.Entomology.wisc.edu/mben/kyf612.Html (accessed Sept 7, 2022).
    6. FAOSTAT (2023): Crop and livestock products. Available at https://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/QCL (Accessed Oct 4, 2023).
    7. Farina A., Barbera A.C., Leonrardi G., Massimino Cocuzza G.E., Suma P., Rapisarda C., (2002): Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae): What relationship with the morpho-physiological effects on the plants its developed on? Insects, 13: 351. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    8. Frohlich D.R., Torres-Jerez I., Bedford I.D., Markham P.G., Brown J.K. (1999): A phylogeographical analysis of the Bemisia tabaci species complex based on mitochondrial DNA markers. Molecular Ecology, 8: 1683-1691. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    9. Fuentes M. (2016). Hemocytometer calculation. Available at https://www.hemocytometer.org/hemocytometer-calculation/ (Accessed Sept 19, 2021).
    10. Gul H.T., Saeed S., Khan F.A. (2014): Entomopathogenic fungi as effective insect pest management tactic: A review. Applied Sciences and Business Economics, 1: 10-18.
    11. Hasnah H., Susanna S., Sably H. (2012): Keefektifan cendawan Beuvaria bassiana Vuill terhadap mortalitas kepik hijau Nezara viridula L. pada stadia nimfa dan imago. Jurnal Floratek, 7: 13-24. (in Indonesian)
    12. Ingle Y.V., Bhosale D.N., Karande V.D., Bramhankar S.B., Mane S.S., Paithankar D.H., Sadawarte A.K. (2022): Identification, pathogenesis and compatibility of Aschersonia aleyrodis (Webber) with selected fungicides and insecticides. International Journal of Tropical Insect Science, Go to original source...
    13. 42: 2093-2101.
    14. Islam W., Adnan M., Shabbir A., Naveed H., Abubakar Y.S., Qasim M., Tayyab M., Noman A., et al. (2021): Insect-fungal-interactions: A detailed review on entomopathogenic fungi pathogenicity to combat insect pests. Microbial Pathogenesis, 159: 105122. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    15. Kumar S., Kumar S., Bhandari D., Gautam M.P. (2020): Entomopathogens, pathological symptoms and their role in present scenario of agriculture: A review. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences, 9: 2110-2124. Go to original source...
    16. Kurnia D., Sudarjat, Andang P. (2011): Potensi jamur Aschersonia aleyrodis, Paecilomyces sp. dan Verticillium sp. untuk mengendalikan Bemisia tabaci GENNADIUS (Homoptera : Aleyrodidae) pada tanaman tomat hidroponik. Proseding Seminar Nasional PEI Cabang Bandung: 149-161. (in Indonesian)
    17. Liu M., Chaverri P., Hodge K.T. (2006): A taxonomic revision of the insect biocontrol fungus Aschersonia aleyrodis, its allies with white stromata and their Hypocrella sexual states. Mycological Research, 110: 537-554. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    18. Mathulwe L.L., Malan A., Stokwe N.F. (2022): Mass production of entomopathogenic fungi, Metarhizium robertsii and Metarhizium pinghaense, for commercial application against insect pests. Journal of Visualized Experiments, 181: e63246. Go to original source...
    19. Meekes E.T., van Voorst S., Joosten N.N., Fransen J.J., van Lenteren J.C. (2000): Persistence of the fungal whitefly pathogen, Aschersonia aleyrodis, on three different plant species. Mycological Research, 104: 1234-1240. Go to original source...
    20. Mora M.A.E., Castilho A.M.C., Fraga M.E. (2017). Classification and infection mechanism of entomopathogenic fungi. Arquivos do Instituto Biologico, 84:1-10. Go to original source...
    21. Mubarok S., Qonit M.A.H., Rahmat B.P.N., Budiarto R., Suminar E., Nuraini A. (2023): An overview of ethylene insensitive tomato mutants: Advantages and disadvantages for postharvest fruit shelf-life and future perspective. Frontiers in Plant Science, 14. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1079052 Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    22. Naranjo S.E., Hagler J.R., Ellsworth P.C. (2003): Improved conservation of natural enemies with selective management systems for Bemisia tabaci (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) in cotton. Biocontrol Science and Technology, 13: 571-587. Go to original source...
    23. Narendra A.A.G.A., Phabiola T.A., Tuliadhi K.A. (2017): Hubungan antara populasi kutu kebul (Bemisia tabaci) (Gennadius) (Hemiptera : Aleyrodidae) dengan insiden penyakit kuning pada tanaman tomat (Solanum lycopersicum Mill.) di Dusun Marga Tengah, Desa Kerta, Kecamatan Payangan, Bali. Agroekoteknologi Tropika, 6: 339-348. (in Indonesian)
    24. Perring T.M., Stansly P.A., Liu T.X., Smith H.A., Andreason S.A. (2018): Whiteflies: Biology, ecology, and management. In: Wakil W., Brust G.E., Perring T.E. (eds): Sustainable Management of Arthropod Pests of Tomato: 73-110. Go to original source...
    25. Pramono B.S., Purnomo H. (2019): Patogenisitas jamur entomopatogen Aschersonia sp. sebagai pengendalian hama kutu sisik Citricola coccus pseudomagnoliarium (Kuw.) (Homoptera : Coccidae) pada tanaman jeruk. Jurnal Pengendalian Hayati, 2: 17. Go to original source...
    26. Rahmat B.P.N., Octavianis G., Budiarto R., Jadid N., Widiastuti A., Matra D.D., Ezura H., Mubarok S. (2023): SlIAA9 mutation maintains photosynthetic capabilities under heat-stress conditions. Plants, 12: 378. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    27. Sani I., Ismail S.I., Abdullah S., Jalinas J., Jamian S., Saad N. (2020): A review of the biology and control of whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae), with special reference to biological control using entomopathogenic fungi. Insects, 11: 619. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    28. Shahid A.A., Rao Q.A., Bakhsh A., Husnain T. (2012): Entomopathogenic fungi as biological controllers: new insights into their virulence and pathogenicity. Archives of Biological Sciences, 64: 21-42. Go to original source...
    29. Sopialena A.S., Hutajulu J. (2022): Efektivitas jamur Metarhizium anisoplae dan Beauveria bassiana Bals lokal dan komersial terhadap hama kutu daun (Aphis craccivora C.L. Koch) pada tanaman kacang panjang (Vigna sinensis L.). Agrifor, 21: 147-160. (in Indonesian) Go to original source...
    30. Stenberg J.A., Sundh I., Becher P.G., Björkman C., Dubey M., Egan P.A., Friberg H., Gil J.F., et al. (2021): When is it biological control? A framework of definitions, mechanisms, and classifications. Journal of Pest Science, 94: 665-676. Go to original source...
    31. Sudarjat, Meliansyah R., Pitria P. (2019): Preferences of Bemisia tabaci Gennadius (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) towards host plants. Research on Crops, 20: 809-814. Go to original source...
    32. Sudarjat, Zeftira Z., Djaya L. (2020): The data set on vertical distribution pattern of Bemisia tabaci Genn. (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) in several vegetable crops. Data in Brief, 32: 106157. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    33. Walstad S., Anderson R.F., Stanbaugh W.J. (1970): Effect of enviroment condition on two spesies muscardine fungi (Metarhizium anisopilae and Beauveria bassiana). Journal of Invertebrata Pathology, 16: 221-226. Go to original source...
    34. Wei X., Song X., Dong D., Keyhani N.O., Yao L., Zang X., Dong L., Gu Z., et al. (2016): Efficient production of Aschersonia placenta protoplasts for transformation using optimization algorithms. Canadian Journal of Microbiology, 62: 579-587. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...

    This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY NC 4.0), which permits non-comercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original publication is properly cited. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.


    Return to the content