Plant Protection Science, 2022 (vol. 58), issue 4

The effect of natural and biological pesticides on the degradation of synthetic pesticidesReview

Paulina Książek-Trela, Ewa Szpyrka

Plant Protect. Sci., 2022, 58(4):273-291 | DOI: 10.17221/152/2021-PPS  

Chemical plant protection methods have been used for decades. For some time now, society has paid attention to the hazards to human health resulting from the excessive use of chemical protection products. The presence of plant protection agent residues in crops causes changes in the natural environment, including biodiversity loss and the appearance of organisms harmful to plants, resistant to plant protection agents. To protect the health of humans, animals, and the environment, the principles of integrated plant protection have been introduced, giving priority to biological plant protection methods, for example, the use of biological active substances...

Characterisation of the little cherry virus 1 isolate infecting almonds in the Czech Republic Original Paper

Dana Šafářová, Jakub Lemberk, Milan Navrátil

Plant Protect. Sci., 2022, 58(4):292-297 | DOI: 10.17221/63/2022-PPS  

Little cherry virus 1 (LChV1) of the genus Velarivirus is an important pathogen associated with the little cherry disease. It infects various species of the genus Prunus, mainly the sweet cherry and the sour cherry. Recently, plums and apricots have also been reported as natural hosts. In the present work, the LChV1 isolate causing chlorotic mosaics in almonds is characterised. The nearly complete (+)ssRNA genome sequence of the Alm138 isolate, obtained by Sanger sequencing, is 16 878 nt long showing a typical velarivirus structure with 8 ORFs. Among them, the taxonomically important ORFs, ORF1a/1b encoding the polyprotein...

Susceptibility of apple fruits from selected cultivars to the Colletotrichum acutatum species complexOriginal Paper

Barbora Jílková, Jana Víchová

Plant Protect. Sci., 2022, 58(4):298-304 | DOI: 10.17221/5/2022-PPS  

The pathogenicity of five isolates of Colletotrichum acutatum species complex (CASC) was tested on artificially injured apple fruits of the cultivar 'Golden Delicious' under laboratory conditions. Then, ten apple cultivars were tested for their relative susceptibility to CASC. Differences in the pathogenicity of the CASC isolates were confirmed in the test. The highest degree of pathogenicity was showed by the isolates from the strawberry and DCSBPM J1 from the apple. No cultivars were resistant to the pathogen. The disease incidence ranged from 57.5% to 100%. The individual cultivars showed different susceptibility to the tested...

Evaluation of the sensitivity of Leptosphaeria maculans isolates causing phoma stem canker in oilseed rape in the Czech Republic to boscalid and dimoxystrobin fungicidesOriginal Paper

Olufadekemi Fajemisin, Jana Mazáková, Pavel Ryšánek

Plant Protect. Sci., 2022, 58(4):305-314 | DOI: 10.17221/177/2021-PPS  

Phoma stem canker, caused by Leptosphaeria spp. is generally managed with demethylation inhibitor (DMI) fungicides in the Czech Republic. However, there have been reports of resistance to DMIs in L. maculans populations. Fungicide resistance management recommends the application of fungicides with different modes of action, either as mixtures or in rotation with other fungicide classes. The objective, therefore, was to evaluate the efficacy of boscalid, dimoxystrobin and a mixture of boscalid and dimoxystrobin, belonging to the succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor and quinone outside inhibitor fungicide groups, respectively, on L....

Population parameters of the tomato leaf miner Tuta absoluta (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) on wild tomato speciesOriginal Paper

Baran Aslan, Ali Kemal Birgücü

Plant Protect. Sci., 2022, 58(4):315-325 | DOI: 10.17221/22/2022-PPS  

In this study, the effects of five wild tomato species (Solanum chilense, Solanum corneliomulleri, Solanum neorickii, Solanum huaylesense and Solanum pennellii) on the life table parameters of Tuta absoluta were determined for the first time, and the larval development time, lifespan, pupal period, fecundity, and female/male longevity were also estimated. According to the data obtained from the study, S. chilense was determined as the most suitable species for the development of T. absoluta. Among the wild tomato species, S. corneliomulleri and S. neorickii were...

Biological impact, oxidative stress and adipokinetic hormone activities of Agrotis ipsilon in response to bioinsecticidesOriginal Paper

Moataz A.M. Moustafa, Wael H. Elmenofy, Engy A. Osman, Nourhan A. El-Said, Mona Awad

Plant Protect. Sci., 2022, 58(4):326-337 | DOI: 10.17221/46/2022-PPS  

The use of biological control products enhances the reduction of harmful pressures on the environment caused by the use of conventional pesticides. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the toxicity of eight bioinsecticides on the black cutworm Agrotis ipsilon (Hufnagel) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) to understand the relationships between insecticide exposure and insect response at the individual and population levels. The bioassay results showed that emamectin benzoate had high toxicity against A. ipsilon second instar larvae with an LC₅₀ of 0.007 (mg/L). Sublethal concentration (LC₃₀) of emamectin benzoate, spinosyn...

Evaluation of genetic and induced resistance phenomena in cucumbers against the root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita)Original Paper

Rana Muhammad Amir Gulzar, Ateeq Ur Rehman, Ummad Ud Din Umar, Muhammad Shahid, Muhammad Fahad Khan

Plant Protect. Sci., 2022, 58(4):338-350 | DOI: 10.17221/130/2021-PPS  

Meloidogyne spp. is an important pest of cucurbits in tunnel farming of vegetables in Pakistan. A cucumber germplasm was evaluated for resistance against the root-knot nematode (RKN, Meloidogyne incognita) based on the number of galls and egg masses recorded under glass house conditions. All the cucumber accessions showed varying responses towards the RKN inoculation. Out of the fifteen cucumber lines, two were found to be moderately susceptible to M. incognita, ten were susceptible while the other three were highly susceptible. For the management of the nematodes, resistance was induced in a highly susceptible cucumber accession...

Measurement of post-dispersal invertebrate seed predation of some relevant weed species in maize fields in Hungary: An ecosystem service provided in crop fields contributing to weed managementOriginal Paper

Mohammed Gaafer Abdelgfar Osman, Mark Szalai, Mihaly Zalai, Zita Dorner, Jozsef Kiss

Plant Protect. Sci., 2022, 58(4):351-359 | DOI: 10.17221/159/2021-PPS  

Invertebrate seed predation is a potential ecosystem service that substantially reduces weed seeds in crop fields, decreasing the seedling emergence and, thus, limiting the weed competition next season. It may, thus, be considered as a natural component of the long-term weed management toolbox. This study aimed to measure the post-dispersal invertebrate seed predation levels of the following relevant weed species in Hungarian maize fields: Ambrosia artemisiifolia, Datura stramonium, Chenopodium album, and Echinochloa crus-galli, and to compare the predation levels among them. We hypothesised that invertebrate seed...

First report of Seiridium cardinale on Cupressus sempervirens in SerbiaShort Communication

Ivan Milenković, Zlatan Radulović, Dragan Karadžić

Plant Protect. Sci., 2022, 58(4):360-364 | DOI: 10.17221/54/2021-PPS  

While monitoring the health of different ornamental and shade trees in Serbia, symptoms indicative of cypress canker disease were observed in young Cupressus sempervirens trees in the Belgrade urban area. Symptoms included tree mortality (specimens were recorded with a change in needle colour, branch decline or longitudinal bark cankers on the stems with resin exudates) and the appearance of acervuli fruiting bodies on the bark and cones. Using light microscopy, cross sections of fruiting bodies on the cankered bark and cones were examined and numerous fusoid, six-cell conidia were recorded with four inner coloured cells and two hyaline cells...

Obituary of doc. Ing. Dr. Jaroslav Benada, CSc. (1928-2022)Biographical Notice

Věra Kroftová, Marie Váňová

Plant Protect. Sci., 2022, 58(4):365-368 | DOI: 10.17221/70/2022-PPS