Plant Protect. Sci., X:X | DOI: 10.17221/138/2025-PPS

Spray-induced gene silencing in the battle against pathogens, pests and weeds on our fields – soon reality or still a sci-fi?Review

Iveta Vachová1, Jhonny Stalyn Hernández Orozco1, Tereza Kalistová1, Guy Smagghe ORCID...2, Martin Janda ORCID...1
1 University of South Bohemia, Faculty of Science
2 Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China; Department of Biology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussel, Belgium

Agriculture faces ongoing challenges from pathogens, pests and weed threats that are amplified by climate change, intensive monoculture farming practices, and regulatory restrictions limiting traditional chemical treatments. To enhance resilience, innovative solutions are urgently needed. One promising strategy is RNA interference (RNAi), a natural mechanism for gene silencing. Among RNAi-based approaches, spray-induced gene silencing (SIGS) stands out for its ability to deliver double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) directly to eukaryotic organisms, modulating gene expression to suppress harmful species. Recent research demonstrates that appropriately designed dsRNA can suppress growth or induce mortality in over fifty pestiferous species, including fungi, oomycetes, nematodes, insects, and even weeds. Importantly, the first commercial SIGS-based product received U.S. Environmental Protection Agency approval in December 2023, highlighting advances in cost-effective dsRNA production and extended shelf stability. This review emphasises the practical applications and innovations of SIGS, providing clear guidelines for translating laboratory findings to field success. By critically evaluating current progress, this review highlights SIGS as a promising tool for sustainable agriculture while identifying challenges that must be addressed to fully realise its potential.

Keywords: SIGS; RNA interference; Crop protection; dsRNA; nanoparticles; Calantha; sustainable agriculture; pathogens and pests

Received: September 17, 2025; Revised: February 17, 2026; Accepted: March 10, 2026; Prepublished online: August 23, 2026 

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