Plant Protection Science, 2019 (vol. 55), issue 3
Spreading and global pathogenic diversity of sunflower downy mildew - ReviewReview
Otmar Spring
Plant Protect. Sci., 2019, 55(3):149-158 | DOI: 10.17221/32/2019-PPS 
Since almost a century, sunflower cultivation is endangered by Plasmopara halstedii (Farlow) Berlese & de Toni, a biotrophic oomycete causing downy mildew symptoms. The pathogen has conquered four of the five continents, and through high genetic plasticity recurrently avoided being reliably controlled by the introduction of resistant host cultivars in sunflower production. This paper attempts to retrace the historic routes of sunflower downy mildew spreading from its North American origin into Europe, South America, Asia and Africa. An update of the global diversity of pathotypes will be provided and critically discussed. Finally, the...
High-throughput sequencing of Potato virus M from tomato in Slovakia reveals a divergent variant of the virusOriginal Paper
Miroslav Glasa, Katarína Šoltys, Lukáš Predajňa, Nina Sihelská, Jaroslav Budiš, Michaela Mrkvová, Ján Kraic, Daniel Mihálik, Ana Belén Ruiz-García
Plant Protect. Sci., 2019, 55(3):159-166 | DOI: 10.17221/144/2018-PPS
High-throughput sequencing (HTS) analysis of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) samples revealed the presence of Potato virus M (PVM) in this crop in Slovakia. Full-length genomes of three PVM isolates were obtained using both HTS and Sanger sequencing validation. While two isolates (T40 and T50) were shown to belong to major Group I, a divergent T20 isolate was phylogenetically unrelated to any known PVM variant, potentially representing a new phylogenetic group. Despite a relatively high intraspecies diversity (17.3 ± 0.3%), no evidence of recombination was detected in the dataset of available complete PVM sequences. Conventional...
Naturally occurring recombinant isolate of Pea seed-borne mosaic virus - Short CommunicationShort Communication
Milan Navrátil, Dana Šafářová
Plant Protect. Sci., 2019, 55(3):167-171 | DOI: 10.17221/155/2018-PPS
Whole genome sequences of three Czech Pea seed-borne mosaic virus isolates belonging to P1 pathotype and causing different symptom intensity were obtained. Using RDP4 analysis the natural recombinant isolate PSB204CZ bearing two breakpoints in nucleotide positions 4053 and 6080 was identified. The isolate was composed of fragment 2028 nt in length partially covering CI and 6K2 regions of the minor parent (PSB262CZ) incorporated into the major parent (PSB194CZ). The results suggest that the observed recombination in CI-6K2 region is responsible for severity of developed symptoms. This observation detected for the first time natural recombination...
Fusarium culmorum Tri genes and barley Hvugt13248 gene transcription in infected barley cultivarsOriginal Paper
Zuzana Faltusová, Kateřina Vaculová, Jozef Pavel, Ilona Svobodová, Jana Hajšlová, Jaroslava Ovesná
Plant Protect. Sci., 2019, 55(3):172-180 | DOI: 10.17221/21/2018-PPS
The transcription activities of genes somehow associated with the mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON) biosynthesis, namely Fusarium Tri genes, and the barley gene coding for UDP-glycosyltransferase (HvUGT13248) on different genetic backgrounds were compared. Determining the amount of the pathogen DNA was used as a useful tool for evaluating the infestation of barley cultivars. Amounts of the pathogen DNA differed in six barley cultivars infected by F. culmorum. Transcription of HvUGT13248 was related to DON content in the samples. Low pathogenic infection and low DON content were accompanied by increased Fusarium Tri10...
Bark necrotic disease in a beech thicketOriginal Paper
Milan Barna, Ivan Mihál
Plant Protect. Sci., 2019, 55(3):181-190 | DOI: 10.17221/117/2018-PPS
Symptoms of non-specific bark necroses in beech trees of all ages have lately been described. We investigated the occurrence of bark necrotic disease in beech thicket and health status of the trees. Our objective was to examine how bark necrotic wounds persist and the regenerative potential of young beech thicket. The research experiment was carried out at two isolated localities in the Western Carpathians in the period 2015-2017. A terminal shoot (stem) and a lateral shoot (branch) of each of the 30 sampled beech trees were examined. Young beech stands were affected by the necrotic disease in 87-94% cases (stems 69-83%, branches 33-56%). Shoot diameter...
Characterisation and pathogenicity of Cryphonectria parasitica on sweet chestnut and sessile oak trees in SerbiaOriginal Paper
Dragan Karadžić, Zlatan Radulović, Katarzyna Sikora, Zoran Stanivuković, Vesna Golubović Ćurguz, Tomasz Oszako, Ivan Milenković
Plant Protect. Sci., 2019, 55(3):191-201 | DOI: 10.17221/38/2018-PPS
The presence of Cryphonectria parasitica (Murrill) M.E. Barr was studied in six natural and planted stands of sweet chestnut in Serbia. The fungus was detected on the sweet chestnut in five localities and on the sessile oak in one locality. In total, 77 isolates from the sweet chestnut and five isolates from the sessile oak were obtained. Based on the culture morphology, all the obtained isolates were proven to be free from Cryphonectria (Saccardo) Saccardo & D. Saccardo hypovirus. The isolates of C. parasitica from the sweet chestnut were compatible with three different vegetative compatibility types, EU-12,...
Efficacy of essential oils of various aromatic plants in the biocontrol of Fusarium wilt and inducing systemic resistance in chickpea seedlingsOriginal Paper
Dahou Moutassem, Lakhdar Belabid, Yuva Bellik, Sihem Ziouche, Faiza Baali
Plant Protect. Sci., 2019, 55(3):202-217 | DOI: 10.17221/134/2018-PPS
This study evaluated the antifungal activity of essential oils (EOs) against Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. ciceris Padwick (FOC) and their effects in inducing systemic resistance in chickpeas. The EOs chemical composition was analysed by GC-MS. Carvacrol, geraniol and 1,8-cineole were the major constituents in thyme, lemongrass and laurel EOs. The latter showed effective antifungal activity against FOC. In vivo tests revealed that thyme and lemongrass EOs were also very effective in reducing the severity in chickpeas and reached an inhibition rate of 99.3 and 88.9%, respectively. Chickpea resistance is mostly attributed to phenolic...
First report of Dasineura oxycoccana in Lithuania - Short CommunicationShort Communication
Elena Surviliené, Sonata Kazlauskaité
Plant Protect. Sci., 2019, 55(3):218-221 | DOI: 10.17221/135/2018-PPS
Damage by the blueberry gall midge Dasineura oxycoccana (Johnson) (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) was found on different cultivars of highbush Vaccinium corymbosum L. at different localities of Lithuania. D. oxycoccana is a serious insect pest of blueberries in North America. In 1996, unusual damage on blueberries was observed in Europe. This is the first report of the blueberry gall midge occurrence in blueberry plantations in Lithuania.
Chemical stability of chlorine dioxide in the presence of prochloraz manganeseOriginal Paper
Arkadiusz Chruściel, Wiesław Hreczuch, Weronika Piontek, Joanna Szumigaj-Tarnowska
Plant Protect. Sci., 2019, 55(3):222-227 | DOI: 10.17221/70/2018-PPS
The chemical stability of chlorine dioxide (ClO2) in the presence of prochloraz manganese (prochloraz-Mn) as biologically active substances used in agrochemical treatments in the cultivation of mushrooms are presented. For model mixtures of the tested components, a relative decrease in ClO2 content over time was measured in the proportions applied during the mushroom cultivation cycle. Within 20 min after preparing a mixture of 1 500 ppm prochloraz-Mn and 100 ppm ClO2 in water, the relative decrease in the concentration of ClO2 was 20%. The obtained results indicate a possibility of simultaneously introducing...