Plant Protection Science, 2020 (vol. 56), issue 3
Characteristics of powdery mildew and its importance for wheat grown in PolandReview
Aleksandra Pietrusińska, Anna Tratwal
Plant Protect. Sci., 2020, 56(3):141-153 | DOI: 10.17221/99/2019-PPS 
Powdery mildew of grasses and cereals (Blumeria graminis) is a fungal plant disease which is caused by species of fungi from the Erysiphaceae order. B. graminis is a biotrophic parasite, biologically diverse parasite with a high degree of specialization in certain host species and with numerous physiological breeds adapted to different varieties of a particular host species. In Poland, powdery mildew of cereals and grasses is recorded every year, and its greatest intensity is in south-eastern and south-western regions. The degree of infestation by B. graminis varies every year. This means that the disease occurs...
Evaluation of the CRISPR/Cas9 system for the development of resistance against Cotton leaf curl virus in model plantsOriginal Paper
Sehrish Khan, Muhammad Shahid Mahmood, Sajjad ur Rahman, Farzana Rizvi, Aftab Ahmad
Plant Protect. Sci., 2020, 56(3):154-162 | DOI: 10.17221/105/2019-PPS
Over the last decade, the Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR) CRISPR/Cas9 system has been used by biologists in various fields. In plant biology, the technology is being utilised to manufacture transgenic plants resistant to different diseases. In Pakistan, the Cotton leaf curl virus (CLCuV) (a begomovirus) affects cotton plants causing significant loss to the economy of this agriculturally based country. In the present study, we use the CRISPR/Cas9 system in Nicotiana benthamiana Domin (a model plant) to develop resistance against CLCuV. An interesting facet of the study was the comparison of two constructs...
Golovinomyces powdery mildews on Asteraceae in the Czech RepublicOriginal Paper
Barbora Mieslerová, Miloslav Kitner, Veronika Petřeková, Jitka Dvořáková, Michaela Sedlářová, Roger T.A. Cook, Aleš Lebeda
Plant Protect. Sci., 2020, 56(3):163-179 | DOI: 10.17221/129/2019-PPS
Powdery mildews on the Asteraceae family were surveyed during 2007-2015 in the Czech Republic with the aim to increase our knowledge about occurrence, morphological characteristics and host specificity of powdery mildews on this family. In total, 32 host species with symptoms of powdery mildew were collected, and the fungal species were identified based on microscopic observations. These showed great variability in their morphological characteristics. Our study confirmed the high host specificity of powdery mildew species to their original hosts. A deeper knowledge of the taxonomy of the Asteraceae has brought substantial changes in the delimitation...
Antifungal activity of microbial nanoparticles derived from Chaetomium spp. against Magnaporthe oryzae causing rice blastOriginal Paper
Jiao Jiao Song, Kasem Soytong, Somdej Kanokmedhakul, Kwanjai Kanokmedhakul, Supattra Poeaim
Plant Protect. Sci., 2020, 56(3):180-190 | DOI: 10.17221/41/2019-PPS
The Magnaporthe oryzae isolate PO2 was proven to cause rice blast var. PSL 2 in this study. Chaetomium elatum, Chaetomium lucknowense and Chaetomium brasiliense were antagonised to M. oryzae. The hexane extract of C. brasiliense gave the highest inhibition of the spore production with an ED50 of 35 ppm, the EtOAC extract of C. lucknowense inhibited the spore production at 57 ppm and the EtOAC extracts of C. elatum inhibited the spore production at 106 ppm. The nano-CLM (C. lucknowense) inhibited the spore production at 5.24 ppm, the nano-CBH (C. brasiliense)...
Management of Alternaria leaf blight in tomato plants by mentha essential oilOriginal Paper
Kahkashan Perveen, Najat A. Bokahri
Plant Protect. Sci., 2020, 56(3):191-196 | DOI: 10.17221/100/2019-PPS
The essential oil obtained by the hydro-distillation of the leaves of Mentha arvensis Linnaeus was evaluated for its antifungal activity against the causal agent of the Alternaria blight of tomatoes, i.e., Alternaria alternata (Fries) Keissler. The antifungal activity of the mentha essential oil was assessed both in vitro and in vivo. The chemical composition of the mentha oil was also identified by GCMS analysis. The in vitro test revealed that the maximum inhibition in the mycelial growth (93.6%) and conidia germination (90.6%) was at the highest concentration (40 µL/mL), furthermore, it...
Larval feeding of Cydalima perspectalis on box trees with a focus on the spatial and temporal distributionOriginal Paper
Ján Kulfan, Marek Dzurenko, Michal Parák, Lenka Sarvašová, Miroslav Saniga, Peter M.J. Brown, Peter Zach
Plant Protect. Sci., 2020, 56(3):197-205 | DOI: 10.17221/126/2019-PPS
The box tree moth Cydalima perspectalis is an invasive pest on box trees originating from Eastern Asia which spread throughout Europe. We assessed the efficacy of photo-eclectors (emergence boxes) for the detection of its larvae. We also investigated their spatial distribution on the hosts and the spatial and temporal distribution of the leaf damage caused by this pest in Slovakia. Our results showed non-uniform vertical distribution of the overwintering larvae and leaf damage on the trees. The larval abundance in the spring was significantly affected by the height of the branches above the ground. During spring, the larvae occurred most abundantly...
Comparative effect of different insecticides on the growth and yield of soybeansOriginal Paper
Sanjeev Kumar Dhungana, Bishnu Adhikari, Arjun Adhikari, Il-Doo Kim, Jeong-Ho Kim, Dong-Hyun Shin
Plant Protect. Sci., 2020, 56(3):206-213 | DOI: 10.17221/77/2019-PPS
The yield of soybeans, an economically important crop worldwide, is substantially reduced by different abiotic and biotic factors, including insect pests. Different insecticides are applied to control soybean insect pests. The application of insecticides may also affect the plants along with the pests. The effects of four insecticides (fenitrothion, etofenprox, thiamethoxam, and lambda-cyhalothrin-cum-thiamethoxam; LT) on the growth and yield of two soybean cultivars over two years were investigated. The plant height (PH), pod number, shoot dry matter without seed (SDWS), total shoot dry matter, seed yield per plant (SYP), harvest index (HI), and hundred-seed...
Survey of entomopathogenic nematodes and fungi in agricultural areasOriginal Paper
Magdalena Dzięgielewska, Iwona Adamska
Plant Protect. Sci., 2020, 56(3):214-225 | DOI: 10.17221/7/2019-PPS
In 2016-2018, in north-western Poland, field studies were carried out on the coexistence of various taxonomic groups, such as soil nematodes and fungi, including beneficial species that comprise the environment's natural resistance to pests in agrocenoses. The research aimed to find a connection between select biotic and abiotic factors in the chosen crops which could have practical applications in plant protection. Entomopathogenic nematodes Steinernema feltiae Filipiev, 1934 and entomopathogenic fungi Cordyceps fumosorosea and Metarhizium anisopliae (Metschn.) Sorokin were found to be present in all studied agrocenoses;...
Trapping of ambrosia beetles by artificially produced lures in a oak forestShort Communication
Tomáš Fiala, Jaroslav Holuša
Plant Protect. Sci., 2020, 56(3):226-230 | DOI: 10.17221/133/2019-PPS
Ambrosia beetles are among the most damaging forest pests. They are frequently moved intercontinentally and are therefore subject to quarantines. The objective of the current research was to determine whether two commercially produced lures for Trypodendron species also attract central European ambrosia beetles. In 2018, Theysohn® traps were deployed in an oak forest that also contained hornbeam and linden trees. Five pair of traps was baited with the standard synthetic pheromone lures, Trypowit® or Lineatin Kombi®. The 201 adults of ambrosia bark beetles that were trapped were identified to eight...