Plant Protection Science, 2004 (vol. 40), issue 4
Index Volume 40
editors
Plant Protect. Sci., 2004, 40(4):X1 | DOI: 10.17221/7323-PPS 
Genomic of the severe isolate of Maize chlorotic dwarf virus
Rym Chaouch, Margaret G. Redinbaugh, Mohamed Marrakchi, Saskia A. Hogenhout
Plant Protect. Sci., 2004, 40(4):113-119 | DOI: 10.17221/469-PPS
The complete sequences of the severe isolates of Maize chlorotic dwarf virus (MCDV-S) were obtained from cDNA clones of the viral RNA. The genome is 11 785 nucleotides (nt) in length and contains one large open reading frame between nt 455 and 10 825 that encodes a polyprotein of 3458 amino acids. Computer analysis revealed several conserved protein motifs similar to other plant picorna-like viruses. Comparison of the genome sequence of MCDV-S with that of the type strain of MCDV showed high similarities despite the difference in symptoms.
Biological and serological procedures to detect three nepoviruses in fruit trees
Jaroslav Polák, Michaela Chaloupková, Milan Jokeš
Plant Protect. Sci., 2004, 40(4):121-127 | DOI: 10.17221/468-PPS
Cherry leaf roll virus (CLRV), Myrobalan latent ringspot virus (MLRSV) and Strawberry latent ringspot virus (SLRSV) were transferred by budding to woody trees, hybrid Ishtara, peach cv. GF 305 and cv. Lesiberian. Three buffers with antioxidants and stabilisers: 0.01M phosphate with 1% caffeine; 0.007M phosphate-0.01M veronal with 0.01M cysteine hydrochloride and 0.007 EDTA; 0.015M phosphate with 1% nicotine and 0.066M phosphate buffer without additives were compared for their efficiency in mechanical transmission from woody sources to herbaceous hosts (Chenopodium quinoa and C. amaranticolor). 0.007M phosphate-0.01M...
Inhibitory effect of Pseudomonas spp. on the development of Botrytis cinerea and Penicillium expansum
Hanna Bryk, Barbara Dyki, Piotr Sobiczewski
Plant Protect. Sci., 2004, 40(4):128-134 | DOI: 10.17221/467-PPS
The influence of antagonistic Pseudomonas spp. on the development of Botrytis cinerea and Penicillium expansum was studied in liquid cultures. Two strains of Pseudomonas spp. (B194 and B224), originally isolated from apple leaves and fruits, respectively, inhibited spore germination and germ tube elongation of B. cinerea or P. expansum. The inhibitory effect depended on the concentration of bacteria in the cultures. After a prolonged time of incubation (48-76 h) lysis and fragmentation of hyphae of both fungi was observed. In some cases the hyphae of B. cinerea developed abnormally if the...
Virulence frequencies to powdery mildew resistance genes of winter barley cultivars
Antonín Dreiseitl
Plant Protect. Sci., 2004, 40(4):135-140 | DOI: 10.17221/466-PPS
The virulence frequencies to powdery mildew resistance genes possessed by winter barley cultivars registered and newly tested in the Czech Republic were studied in 2000, 2002 and 2004. Random samples of the populations originating from winter and spring barley fields were obtained from the air by a mobile version of a jet spore sampler mounted on a car roof. Conidia were sampled by driving across the Czech Republic. Fourteen differentials, carrying 18 out of 20 currently identified resistance genes present in winter barley cultivars, were used. High virulence frequencies (85-100%) to most resistance genes were found. Lower virulence frequencies (14.1-40.1%)...
Influence of temperature and host plants on the development and fecundity of the spider mite Tetranychus urticae (Acarina: Tetranychidae)
Ján Praslička, Jozef Huszár
Plant Protect. Sci., 2004, 40(4):141-144 | DOI: 10.17221/465-PPS
Temperature plays a key role in the time needed for development of Tetranychus urticae. It developed fastest at 35°C (6.50 d) and 30°C (6.93 d), while at 15°C it took 16.23 d. The higher the temperature, the faster the development of the mite. As to host plants involved, T. urticae developed fastest on Phaseolus vulgaris (9.42 d), followed by Cucumis sativus (10.26 d) and Capsicum annuum (10.92 d). Fecundity was highest at a temperature of 30°C (89.1 eggs), and lowest at 15°C (58.6 eggs). The fecundity of female mites increased with temperatures up to 30°C, but at 35°C it had decreased (71.08 eggs). The host plant influenced...
Potential insecticidal activity of extracts from 18 species of medicinal plants on larvae of Spodoptera littoralis - Short Communication
Roman Pavela, Taisya Chermenskaya
Plant Protect. Sci., 2004, 40(4):145-150 | DOI: 10.17221/464-PPS
Insecticidal activity of methanol extracts from 18 species of medicinal plants was tested on 3rd instar larvae of the Egyptian cottonworm (Spodoptera littoralis). All extracts were toxic to larvae. Extracts from Ocimum basilicum, Origanum majorana, Picea excelsa and Salvia officinalis were highly toxic (LC50 - 1.7, 3.6, 4.1 and 4.7 µg/ml, respectively). Extracts from Melilotus officinalis, Pinus silvestris, Taraxacum officinalis and Achillea ptarmica were moderately toxic (LC50 - 5.6, 7.3, 8.4 and 9.1µg/ml, respectively). The relative growth rate, consumption...
Origin, mechanism and molecular basis of weed resistance to herbicides
Daniela Chodová, Jan Mikulka, Marie Kočová, Jaroslav Salava
Plant Protect. Sci., 2004, 40(4):151-168 | DOI: 10.17221/463-PPS
This review summarises information from the literature and experimental experience of the authors in research on weed resistance to herbicides. Factors conditioning the origin of resistance are described. The origin of resistant weeds to nine active ingredients with a different mode of action is presented chronologically, and the distribution of resistant weeds around the world outlined. The fundamental modes of action: reduction of the target site sensitivity, so-called "target site resistance", and the mode by which a herbicide is metabolised into inactive products, are listed. Function and genetic modifications of target sites of selected herbicides...