Plant Protection Science, 2019 (vol. 55), issue 2

Effect of 5-azacytidine induced DNA demethylation on abiotic stress tolerance in Arabidopsis thalianaOriginal Paper

Zlata V. Ogneva, Andrey R. Suprun, Alexandra S. Dubrovina, Konstantin V. Kiselev

Plant Protect. Sci., 2019, 55(2):73-80 | DOI: 10.17221/94/2018-PPS  

The effect of 5-azacytidine (5A)-induced DNA hypomethylation on the growth and abiotic stress tolerance of Arabidopsis thaliana were analysed. Growth analysis revealed that aqueous solutions of 5A added to the soil did not affect the fresh and dry biomass accumulation but led to a higher percentage of flowering A. thaliana plants after four weeks of cultivation. The 5A treatment considerably lowered survival rates of Arabidopsis plants under high soil salinity, heat stress, and drought, while it did not affect the survival rates after freezing stress. 5A eliminated the stimulatory effect of the heat and drought stresses on...

Wheat dwarf virus infectious clones allow to infect wheat and Triticum monococcum plantsOriginal Paper

Pavel Cejnar, Ludmila Ohnoutková, Jan Ripl, Jiban Kumar Kundu

Plant Protect. Sci., 2019, 55(2):81-89 | DOI: 10.17221/42/2018-PPS  

We constructed Wheat dwarf virus (WDV) infectious clones in the bacterial plasmids pUC18 and pIPKb002 and tested their ability to inoculate plants using Bio-Rad Helios Gene Gun biolistic inoculation method and Agrobacterium tumefaciens agroinoculation method, and we then compared them with the natural inoculation method via viruliferous P. alienus. Infected plants were generated using both infectious clones, whereas the agroinoculation method was able to produce strong systemic infection in all three tested cultivars of wheat and Triticum monococcum, comparable to plants inoculated by viruliferous P. alienus....

Gene flow was not detected from a field trial of transgenic plum cv. HoneySweet - Short CommunicationShort Communication

Petr Komínek, Jaroslav Polák, Marcela Komínková, Ralph Scorza

Plant Protect. Sci., 2019, 55(2):90-92 | DOI: 10.17221/96/2018-PPS  

A field trial with plum cv. HoneySweet was established in 2003 in an experimental plot near Crop Research Institute in Prague-Ruzyně, Czech Republic, on the basis of a permission issued by the Ministry of the Environment of the Czech Republic. In addition to the evaluation of resistance of plum cv. HoneySweet to Plum pox virus, the field trial was used to evaluate gene flow of the inserted transgene. Sampling of blackthorn and myrobalan trees outside the field test site occurred at distances ranging from 544 m to 845 m from the test site and showed no gene flow, testing both plants and seeds collected from blackthorns and myrobalans. Similarly,...

Inhibitory effect of the glucosinolate-myrosinase system on Phytophthora cinnamomi and Pythium spiculumOriginal Paper

Francisco T. Arroyo, Rocío Rodríguez Arcos, Ana Jiménez Araujo, Rafael Guillén Bejarano, María José Basallote, Carmen Barrau

Plant Protect. Sci., 2019, 55(2):93-101 | DOI: 10.17221/98/2018-PPS  

Glucosinolate extracts from sprouts of common Brassica nigra, B. juncea cv. Scala, B. carinata cv. Eleven, and Sinapis alba cv. Ludique were analysed by reversed phase high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection-mass spectrometry. The effect of the glucosinolate-myrosinase system on in vitro mycelial growth of Phytophthora cinnamomi Rands and Pythium spiculum B. Paul was assessed. Likewise, sinigrin and sinalbin monohydrate commercial standards were also tested. The extracts from B. carinata, which contained 159 mmol/g plant DW equivalent (85% sinigrin, 5% gluconapin,...

Endophytic fungi and latent pathogens in the sedge Carex secalina (Cyperaceae), a critically endangered species in EuropeOriginal Paper

Karolina Górzyńska, Ewa Węgrzyn, Rafał Sandecki, Marlena Lembicz

Plant Protect. Sci., 2019, 55(2):102-108 | DOI: 10.17221/120/2018-PPS  

Endophytic fungi are widespread in plants and affect the host fitness and population size. We found 12 fungal taxa in C. secalina, a critically endangered species in several European countries, at two study sites in Poland. The most frequently occurring fungal taxa were Colletotrichum destructivum and Acremonium sp. Both taxa were found in half of the examined tussocks. The highest number of fungal taxa was noted in the C. secalina plants growing in the roadside area, where 7 of the 12 identified fungal taxa occurred. These fungi, inhabiting leaf tissues, are known for their pathogenicity but no visible...

Antifungal activity of various chitinolytic bacteria against Colletotrichum in pepperOriginal Paper

Muhammad Anees, Muhammad Abid, Shafiq ur Rehman, Nadeem Ahmed, Muhammad Ashraf, Lixin Zhang, Kil Yong Kim

Plant Protect. Sci., 2019, 55(2):109-115 | DOI: 10.17221/72/2018-PPS  

Colletotrichum gleosporioides causes the anthracnose disease in plants including vegetables and fruits. The pathogenicity of the strains was confirmed by using pepper fruit inoculation assays. The chitinolytic bacterial strains Paenibacillus elgii HOA73, Lysobacter capsici HS124, Streptomyces griseus, Pseudomonas fluorescens, and Paenibacillus ehimensis MA2012 were evaluated against the phytopathogenic fungal strains. The bacteria significantly inhibited C. gleosporioides strain 40003, the inhibition ranging from 17% to 37%. Similarly, 5-41% inhibition of C. gleosporioides 40896...

Effect of phenolic acid content on acceptance of hazel cultivars by filbert aphidOriginal Paper

Magdalena Gantner, Agnieszka Najda, Dariusz Piesik

Plant Protect. Sci., 2019, 55(2):116-122 | DOI: 10.17221/150/2017-PPS  

The allelopatic effect of phenolic acids contents in the leaves of six cultivars of hazel (Corylus L.) on the choice of plants by Myzocallis coryli Goetze (filbert aphid), one of the most important pest of hazel in Poland and throughout the world, was identified. The cvs White Filbert, Mogulnus, and Luizen Zellernus were more resistant to the feeding of aphids in all the years than cvs Minnas, Barra, and Halls Giant. The highest content of total phenolic acids was reported in the leaves of cvs White Filbert and Luizen Zellernuss, with a low level of acceptance by aphids. These cultivars demonstrated a high concentration of gallic...

Efficacy of biological formulations against Neoglocianus maculaalba and Dasineura papaveris in Papaver somniferumOriginal Paper

Pavel Kolařík, Jiří Rotrekl, Karla Kolaříková

Plant Protect. Sci., 2019, 55(2):123-128 | DOI: 10.17221/25/2018-PPS  

The effectiveness of selected insecticides against capsule weevils (Neoglocianus maculaalba) and capsule midges (Dasineura papaveris), which are the main pests of breadseed poppy, was verified in a small-plot field experiment in 2015-2017. The effect of foliar application was evaluated according to boreholes on capsule surfaces caused by the feeding of capsule weevil adults and larvae numbers in capsules collected approximately 4 weeks after application. Biological efficacy of the tested biological formulations Spintor (active ingredient spinosad 240 g/l) in dosage 0.4 l/ha and NeemAzal T/S (active ingredient azadirachtin A 10.6 g/l)...

First record of Corythucha arcuata in Slovakia - Short CommunicationShort Communication

Milan Zúbrik, Andrej Gubka, Slavomír Rell, Andrej Kunca, Jozef Vakula, Juraj Galko, Christo Nikolov, Roman Leontovyč

Plant Protect. Sci., 2019, 55(2):129-133 | DOI: 10.17221/124/2018-PPS  

In June 2018, the presence of one adult specimen and one egg cluster of the North-American oak lace bug Corythucha arcuata were recorded near the village of Mužla, close to the Danube River, in southern Slovakia. They were found on leaves of Quercus cerris growing in a mixed stand. In August 2018, other specimens (nymphs and adults) were observed on Quercus robur leaves, near Čičarovce, in eastern Slovakia. This is the first record of C. arcuata in our country. The oak lace bug probably reached us while invading from Hungary, where heavy infestation is reported from several parts of the country.

Virulence of new strain of Heterorhabditis bacteriophora from Croatia against Lasioptera rubiOriginal Paper

Ivana Majić, Ankica Sarajlić, Tamás Lakatos, Tímea Tóth, Emilija Raspudić, Zlatko Puškadija, Gabriella Kanižai Šarić, Žiga Laznik

Plant Protect. Sci., 2019, 55(2):134-141 | DOI: 10.17221/119/2018-PPS  

Soil samples from 100 cultivated and natural sites were assessed for the presence of entomopathogenic nematodes. Heterorhabditid nematodes were recovered from three soil samples during spring months, with the overall positive sample rate of 3%. The isolates of entomopathogenic nematodes were identified as three different strains conspecific with Heterorhabditis bacteriophora (Heterorhabditidae). They were found from natural sites and vineyard, while no recovery occurred from intensively cultivated agricultural fields. The morphometrical characteristics of infective juveniles and males showed differences between all Croatian strains...

Impact of Microtus arvalis and Lepus europaeus on apple trees by trunk bark gnawingOriginal Paper

Josef Suchomel, Jan Šipoš, Ladislav Čepelka, Marta Heroldová

Plant Protect. Sci., 2019, 55(2):142-147 | DOI: 10.17221/64/2018-PPS  

A unique evaluation of the apple tree trunk bark damage caused by common vole and European hare was presented. Damage was found in an apple orchard under organic farming, in Central Moravia (Czech Republic), at 700 m a.s.l. There were two cultivated apple cultivars Red Spring and Melodie/Angold. Damage occurred in winter with the snow cover lasting from December to February. In total 1 012 trees and 95.7% of trees were damaged. The cv. Red Spring was damaged more than cv. Melodie/Angold. Almost 90% of the dead trees were killed by common voles. While hares damaged both cultivars equally, voles damaged the cv. Red Spring to a significantly greater extent...

RNDr. Marcela Braunová: Executive Editor of Plant Protection Science - retiredBiographical Notice

Aleš Lebeda, Václav Kůdela

Plant Protect. Sci., 2019, 55(2):148 | DOI: 10.17221/27/2019-PPS