Plant Protection Science - Latest articles
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Assessing the insecticidal effect of Citrus aurantium and Nerium oleander extracts and basalt "Farina di Basalto®“ as biological alternatives to control Aphis punicae and Planococcus citri in an organic pomegranate orchard
Mohamed Elimem, Rym Jaouadi, Thameur Bouslema, Maha Kalboussi, Chaima Lahfef, Slim Rouz, Hassan Kharroubi, Abdennacer Boulila, Sofien Kouki, Giuliano Ragnoni, Gianluca Pizzuti, Fabio Primavera, Alessandro Riccini
Plant Protect. Sci., 2023, 59(4):356-368 | DOI: 10.17221/111/2022-PPS 
This study aims to evaluate the efficiency of basalt with two botanical aqueous extracts of Citrus aurantium and Nerium oleander (50g/L) against Aphis punicae and Planococcus citri in an organic pomegranate orchard. Basalt was applied as a foliar spray with two doses (1.5% and 3%), in the ground as a fertiliser (1.5%), and as a combined application (1.5%). Phenolic compounds of both plants were identified by HPLC-PDA/ESI-MS analysis. Seven and six flavonoids were detected in C. aurantium and N. oleander extracts, respectively. Hesperidin was more abundant in C. aurantium extracts; however, N. oleander extracts...
Identification and functional analysis of glyoxal oxidase gene from rubber tree anthracnose
Xuemei Xian, Kunmeng Li, Hui Liu, Zhenhui Wang, Kun Yuan, Yiyu Hu, Chengtian Feng, Meng Wang, Chunhua Lin, Qiguang He, Yu Zhang
Plant Protect. Sci., 2023, 59(4):337-347 | DOI: 10.17221/52/2023-PPS
Glyoxal oxidase (GLOX, EC 1.2.3.15) is a class of hydrogen peroxide synthases involved in lignin degradation. Several GLOX genes of biotrophic and necrotrophic phytopathogenic fungi have been confirmed to contribute to fungal growth, development, and pathogenicity. However, the composition, sequence characteristics and functions of genes in the GLOX family of hemi-biotrophic phytopathogenic fungi remain poorly understood. This study identified a GLOX-encoding gene CsGLOX in the hemi-biotrophic phytopathogenic fungus Colletotrichum siamense by bioinformatics analysis and PCR cloning. The encoded protein contains a signal...
Detection and molecular identification of ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma asteris’ associated with muscari virescence of three grape hyacinth species
Emese Mergenthaler, József Fodor, János Ágoston, Orsolya Viczián
Plant Protect. Sci., 2023, 59(4):389-393 | DOI: 10.17221/70/2023-PPS
Grape hyacinths are popular perennial, flowering bulbous plants. In 2018, 2019, and 2020, some plants of three Muscari species showed symptoms similar to those associated with phytoplasma infection in commercial ornamental gardens in Hungary. Symptoms included virescence of flowers and yellowing of leaves. Symptomatic and asymptomatic Muscari plants were sampled at two locations to detect and identify the pathogens involved. Total DNA was extracted from the plants and used as a template in polymerase chain reaction assays to amplify 16S rRNA gene sequences and housekeeping genes (tuf, secY) with phytoplasma-specific primers....
Diversified germination strategies of Centaurea cyanus populations resistant to ALS inhibitors
Marta Stankiewicz-Kosyl, Ma³gorzata Haliniarz
Plant Protect. Sci., 2023, 59(4):379-388 | DOI: 10.17221/62/2023-PPS
Centaurea cyanus is an annual weed mostly infesting winter cereals and rape. The aim of the study was to provide insights into the association between the seed germination characteristics and the herbicide sensitivity in C. cyanus in the presence of the genetic background control. Four populations of this species resistant to acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitors were tested. A germination study was conducted in a growth cabinet. Plants were sprayed at the 2- to 3-leaf stage with a field dose of florasulam (5 g/ha). There were four herbicide treatments dates, which included plants that germinated up to the seventh day, between eight...
Insecticidal activity of essential oil from Jasminum sambac (L.) Aiton against Callosobruchus maculatus (Fabricius, 1775) (Coleoptera: Bruchidae)
Ruchuon Wanna, Phirayot Khaengkhan, Darika Bunphan, Benjapon Kunlanit, Parinda Khaengkhan, Hakan Bozdoğan
Plant Protect. Sci., 2023, 59(4):369-378 | DOI: 10.17221/69/2023-PPS
Mungbean seeds [Vigna radiata (L.)] are easily damaged by insects during storage, and essential oils (EOs) have proved effective for controlling insect infestation. This research study assessed the bioactivity of EO from Jasminum sambac (L.) Aiton against Callosobruchus maculatus (F.). The chemical composition of EO was analysed by a gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer (GC-MS). All experiments were conducted following a completely randomised design (CRD) with four replications of the residual contact and seed dressing bioassays. Results indicated that J. sambac EO contained 35 compounds (97.587%), with the main component...
The importance of local faunal research of moths for plant protection: an example from an agricultural landscape in central Europe
Vendula Hrube¹ová, Hana ©efrová, Zdenìk La¹tùvka
Plant Protect. Sci., 2023, 59(4):348-355 | DOI: 10.17221/33/2023-PPS
The study was carried out in the agricultural landscape (mosaic of an urban environment, gardens, grassland, fields, small forests and semi-natural non-forest habitats) in central Europe (southeast Czechia) in 2021. A light trap was used for trapping (207 nights). A total of 485 moth species and 5 170 individuals were captured. Eurytopic species dominated the area, 72% of species and 89% of individuals. Fifty-nine species are considered pests (12%), representing 25% of individuals. The seasonal dynamics of selected harmful species were evaluated and discussed. Species of semi-natural dry and wet habitats were represented by 14%, i.e. a proportion...
A novel eggplant AP2/ERF transcription factor StPti5 confers resistance to Verticillium wilt across different species
Nanyang Li, Yinping Niu, Xing Wang, Suna Wang, Yuhui Chen, Liping Wang
Plant Protect. Sci., 2023, 59(4):325-336 | DOI: 10.17221/27/2023-PPS
The APETALA 2/ethylene response factors (AP2/ERFs) are considered essential in plant disease resistance responses. In this study, a novel eggplant AP2/ERF transcription factor gene, StPti5, was identified and functionally described from wild eggplant (Solanum torvum Sw.). The results of bioinformatics analysis show that StPti5 protein contains a DNA-binding AP2/ERF domain and shares high degree of amino acid similarity with the other known AP2/ERF domain. Subcellular localization assay shows that StPti5 protein was localized in the nucleus. Expression of StPti5 was induced by infection with Verticillium dahliae,...
Overview of the control of plant fungal pathogens by natural products derived from medicinal plants
Ming Jiang, Tong Wang, Jesus Simal-Gandara, Chandra Nayaka Siddaiah, Xiaofeng Dai, Jieyin Chen, Dan Wang, Zhiqiang Kong
Plant Protect. Sci., 2023, 59(4):303-316 | DOI: 10.17221/17/2023-PPS
Chemical fungicides can cause drug resistance of plant pathogenic fungi, environmental pollution, and potential threats to humans and animals. Therefore, developing low-toxicity, high-efficient and environment-friendly biological control products is critical for green prevention, controlling plant fungal diseases, and maintaining ecological balance. Biocontrol research mainly includes the following aspects: antagonistic microorganisms, fungicidal proteins, RNA interference techniques and botanical fungicides. Significantly, natural products extracted from medicinal plants are valuable repertoire for inhibiting plant fungal diseases. This review systematically...
Ageratum yellow vein alphasatellite and tomato leaf curl Java betasatellite association with begomoviruses infecting crops and weeds in Indonesia
Adyatma Irawan Santosa, Susamto Somowiyarjo
Plant Protect. Sci., 2023, 59(4):317-324 | DOI: 10.17221/16/2023-PPS
Symptomatic samples were taken from five districts in Yogyakarta and Central Java provinces of Indonesia to survey the genetic diversity of Begomovirus, α and β satellites. A total of 14 samples were tested positive by PCR for tomato leaf curl New Delhi virus (ToLCNDV), pepper yellow leaf curl Indonesia virus (PepYLCIV), mungbean yellow mosaic India virus (MYMIV), and ageratum yellow vein China virus (AYVCNV) infections. Besides that, ageratum yellow vein alphasatellite (AYVA) was identified for the first time in Indonesia, and tomato leaf curl Java betasatellite (ToLCJaB) were detected for the first time in different hosts. Partial genome...
Determining the technical and economic feasibility of combining pest control techniques in open field and netting house chili cultivation systems
Rini Murtiningsih, Tonny Koestoni Moekasan, Laksminiwati Prabaningrum, Asma Sembiring, Wiwin Setiawati, Ahsol Hasyim, Bagus Kukuh Udiarto, Ineu Sulastrini, Neni Gunaeni, Eli Korlina, Nikardi Gunadi, Harmanto, Liferdi Lukman
Plant Protect. Sci., 2023, 59(3):298-302 | DOI: 10.17221/5/2023-PPS
As one of the most widely cultivated vegetable crops worldwide, chillies (Capsicum annuum L.) face serious pest-related problems when grown in either open or protected cultivation systems. However, studies aimed at understanding the implementation of various integrated pest management (IPM) techniques on chilli production in both cultivation systems are scarce. The study aimed to evaluate the impact of implementing an integrated approach that combines the use of a sweet corn barrier, thiamethoxam, control threshold, silver plastic mulch, pest traps, and fungicides on chilli pests and diseases in open and protected farming systems. Those techniques...
Verification of a machine learning model for weed detection in maize (Zea mays) using infrared imaging
Adam Hru¹ka, Pavel Hamouz
Plant Protect. Sci., 2023, 59(3):292-297 | DOI: 10.17221/131/2022-PPS
The potential of the framework of precision agriculture points towards the emergence of site-specific weed control. In light of the phenomena, the search for a cost-effective approach can help the discipline to accelerate the practical implementation. The paper presents a near-infrared data-driven machine learning model for real-time weed detection in wide-row cultivated maize (Zea mays) fields. The basis of the model is a dataset of 5 120 objects including 18 species of weeds significant in the context of wide-row crop production in the Czech Republic. The custom model was subsequently compared with a state-of-the-art machine learning tool...
Particle drift potential of mesotrione and rimsulfuron plus thifensulfuron-methyl tank mixture in a low-speed wind tunnel
Milan Brankov, Guilherme Sousa Alves, Bruno Canella Vieira, Milos Zaric, Greg Robert Kruger
Plant Protect. Sci., 2023, 59(3):284-291 | DOI: 10.17221/39/2023-PPS
Particle drift happens during herbicide application when droplets travel outside the intended site. Different nozzles produce various range of droplets, so they play a very important role in coverage and drift occasions. When nozzles produce small droplets, the potential for off-target movement is very high. Another important factor determining particle drift is the distance between crops. Wind velocity gives the energy to herbicide particles to move away from the target place. Therefore, a drift simulation of herbicide (mesotrione and rimsulfuron plus thifensulfuron-methyl mixture) was done in a wind tunnel, using different nozzles Extended Range...
Culture of Steinernema glaseri on three solid media and their virulence against Galleria mellonella larvae
Carlos I. Cortés-Martínez, Adriana Ines Rodríguez-Hernández, Ma del Rocío López-Cuellar, Norberto Chavarría-Hernández, Rodolfo De los Santos Romero
Plant Protect. Sci., 2023, 59(3):278-283 | DOI: 10.17221/1/2023-PPS
Steinernema glaseri is a potential biocontrol agent against white grubs of the Phyllophaga spp. complex; however, its suitability for in vitro multiplication has been scarcely investigated. In this study, the effects of the surface culture of NJ-43 strain with its symbiotic bacteria Xenorhabdus poinarii on egg-yolk agar (P2), chicken-liver agar and nutrient meat-peptone (MP) agar on infective juvenile (IJ) productivity and their virulence against Galleria mellonella larvae were investigated. The bacteria on the surface of the agar were first incubated in darkness at 30 °C for 54–102 h, and then 100 surface-sterilised...
Seasonal dynamics and abundance of brown marmorated stink bug Halyomorpha halys (Stål) on four trap crops
Luka Batistiè, Tanja Bohinc, Stanislav Trdan
Plant Protect. Sci., 2023, 59(3):264-277 | DOI: 10.17221/2/2023-PPS
The main purpose of the study was to examine the potential of crops, such as soybeans (Glycine max), sunflowers (Helianthus annuus), alfalfa (Medicago sativa), and sorghum (Sorghum bicolor), as trap crops for Halyomorpha halys. We monitored the abundance and seasonal dynamics of H. halys (egg clusters, larvae, and adults) on a selected number of various crops at 10-day intervals. The experiment was performed in two different regions of Slovenia (western and central) and in two different years (2021, 2022). The results varied depending on the location and the year. In the first experiment, data from the entire...
Comparison of the effect of additives during gliding arc plasma treatment on the germination of bunt spores and growth characteristics of wheat
Stanislav Je¾ek, Pavel Horèièka, Eva Jozová, Vladislav Èurn
Plant Protect. Sci., 2023, 59(3):256-263 | DOI: 10.17221/51/2023-PPS
The gliding arc cold plasma treatment of wheat seeds is an alternative to chemical seed dressing, but this treatment is not very effective. This study was focused on testing the addition of salt, water and nitrogenous compounds during plasma treatment to increase the efficiency of the plasma seed treatment. The additives were not supplied in the gaseous state, as usual, but in an aqueous solution by spraying under a plasma nozzle during the treatment. The phytosanitary effect of the plasma treatment was evaluated based on the germination of Tilletia caries spores from artificially infected seeds on water agar. The viability of the seeds, growth...
Stem canker of dragon fruit (Hylocereus polyrhizus): Neocytalidium sp. is the new cause of the disease and its control using the sodium salt
Riska, Jumjunidang, Tri Budiyanti, Eko Darma Husada, Ni Luh Putu Indriyani, Sri Hadiati, Irwan Muas, Ellina Mansyah
Plant Protect. Sci., 2023, 59(3):245-255 | DOI: 10.17221/112/2022-PPS
This study aimed to isolate and characterise a fungal pathogen associated with stem canker on dragon fruit and to evaluate the efficacy of sodium salt as an alternative control against it. The fungal pathogen was isolated and identified by morphological and cultural methods. SMNND11 and ARPN11 isolates, which are morphologically alike Neoscytalidium sp., were selected for the present study. The colony’s mycelial mass was greyish-white and turned to dark greenish-grey. The shape of the arthroconidia was ellipsoid to ovoid and hyaline to dark brown with septate arthrospores. The hyphae were brown in colour, septate, branched...
Progression of wheat Tan spot under different bioclimatic stages and agricultural practices
Salma Tissaoui, Noura Omri-Benyoussef, Hatem Chaar, Marwa Hassine, Jean-stephane Venisse, Bouzid Nasraoui, Amira Mougou-Hamdane
Plant Protect. Sci., 2023, 59(3):233-244 | DOI: 10.17221/103/2022-PPS
Tan spot, caused by Pyrenophora tritici-repentis, is a severe worldwide wheat foliar disease and has become common in Tunisia. Two hundred wheat field surveys were conducted in northern Tunisia during the 2017–2019 seasons to determine disease intensity and the correlation of the tan spot with agricultural practices and environmental factors. The disease infested 67% of the visited regions. The highest prevalence (87.5%), incidence (> 30%), and severity (> 10%) were observed in sub-humid regions, contrary to the middle semi-arid regions. Logistic regression was used to analyse the correlation of incidence and severity with various...
Compatibility of adzuki bean (Vigna angularis) and Bradyrhizobium USDA strains, and geographical distribution and community structure on indigenous adzuki bean-nodulating bradyrhizobia in Japan
Sokichi Shiro, Ryu Makihara, Masahiro Yamaguchi, Masayuki Kadowaki, Yuichi Saeki
Plant Protect. Sci., 2023, 59(3):217-232 | DOI: 10.17221/64/2022-PPS
We investigated the compatibility between adzuki bean and Bradyrhizobium USDA strains and the relation between the genetic diversity of indigenous adzuki bean-nodulating bradyrhizobia and their geographical distribution in Japan. Six Bradyrhizobium USDA strains were used in the inoculation test, and B. elkanii USDA 94 showed higher symbiotic efficiency than other strains. Two adzuki bean cultivars were used to isolate indigenous adzuki bean-nodulating bradyrhizobia. Their genetic diversity and community structure were analyzed by restriction fragment length polymorphisms of PCR amplicons to target the 16S-23S rRNA gene internal...
Molecular study of turnip mosaic virus population in the Czech Republic
Dana ©afáøová, Lubo¹ Majeský, Milan Navrátil
Plant Protect. Sci., 2023, 59(3):209-216 | DOI: 10.17221/34/2023-PPS
Turnip mosaic virus (TuMV) is the most important virus of brassica crops. In our study, we compare the genetic structure of two Czech TuMV populations sampled in the country's 25-year interval of virus presence. The 21 isolates, mainly infecting rutabaga and horseradish, were collected from four farms under organic production, and nearly complete genome sequences, 9 596–9 787 nt in length, were obtained using Sanger sequencing for all of them. The analysis of variability and polymorphism showed differences in genetic structure but the relative stability of both populations and moderate negative selection as a factor affecting the current TuMV...
Effects of Pseudomonas chlororaphis strain AFS009 and Beauveria bassiana strain GHA against Plumeria rust in Hawaii
Philip Waisen, Zhiqiang Cheng, Richard Criley
Plant Protect. Sci., 2023, 59(2):202-207 | DOI: 10.17221/86/2022-PPS
This study examined the effects of beneficial rhizobacterium Pseudomonas chlororaphis strain AFS009 and entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana strain GHA against plumeria rust Coleosporium plumeriae. Two preemptive or three curative laboratory experiments and a curative field experiment were conducted to examine the effects of these commercially available biocontrol products. Treatments included the application of B. bassiana at 1.23 g/L and P. chlororaphis at 3 or 9 g/L. Systemic fungicide azoxystrobin applied at 0.12 g/L and water were included as positive and negative controls, respectively. While its effect...
The influence of temperature on the biological activity of selected nematode species (Steinernematidae and Heterorhabditidae) under the conditions of their coexistence
Magdalena Dziêgielewska, Krystian Kaczmarek, Katarzyna Kruk
Plant Protect. Sci., 2023, 59(2):193-201 | DOI: 10.17221/104/2022-PPS
The presented study is concerned with infectivity of select entomopathogenic nematode species under different temperature conditions (15, 20 and 25 °C) in the presence of competing species. Two species of nematodes of the genus Steinernema (S. kraussei, S. feltiae) and two of the genus Heterorhabditis (H. bacteriophora and H. megidis) were included in the analysis. Different experimental variants were adopted in which the selected two entomopathogenic nematode species were mixed between Steinernema and Heterorhabditis. The study showed that Heterorhabditis and Steinernema cannot...
Flight activity of aphids in Serbia: investigation by water traps placed in sugar beet fields
Olivera Petroviæ-Obradoviæ, ®ivko Æurèiæ, ®eljko Milovac, Andja Radonjiæ
Plant Protect. Sci., 2023, 59(2):185-192 | DOI: 10.17221/130/2022-PPS
Plant viruses, and aphids as their vectors, are limiting factors in sugar beet production. Viral plant diseases are currently impossible to treat but knowing the flight patterns of aphids can help in reducing the number of potential virus vectors. Monitoring of aphid flight activities in sugar beet fields was done using yellow water traps from April to the end of November. During the two years of investigation, a total of 5514 specimens from 75 different taxa were collected. The highest number of individuals was recorded at the end of May/beginning of June at all localities. This is the period when sugar beet develops intensively, so the risk...
Pyrethroid susceptibility and oxidative detoxification mechanism in Colorado potato beetle and western corn rootworm
Daria Dworzañska, Joanna Zamojska, Pawe³ Wêgorek, Pawe³ K. Bere¶, S³awomir Drzewiecki
Plant Protect. Sci., 2023, 59(2):174-184 | DOI: 10.17221/53/2022-PPS
The Colorado potato beetle (CPB) and the western corn rootworm (WCR) are among the world’s most expansive insect pests. The aim of the study was to assess, for the first time in Poland, the levels of susceptibility to deltamethrin and tau-fluvalinate in the WCR and to determine the current status of susceptibility to those active substances in the CPB. In addition, the role of oxidative metabolism in the detoxification of pyrethroids was determined using piperonyl butoxide (PBO). The study found pyrethroid resistance in the CPB populations. The WCR populations exhibited “high susceptibility”, “susceptibility”, “low...
Effects of fungicides and antagonistic marine-derived fungi on rice seedling promotion and rice sheath blight control
Tida Dethoup, Rotchana Klaram, Arom Jantasorn
Plant Protect. Sci., 2023, 59(2):159-173 | DOI: 10.17221/95/2022-PPS
Fourteen fungicides and three marine-derived fungi were tested for their activities in the promotion of rice seedling development and their efficacy in controlling rice sheath blight disease in two rice varieties, RD43 and KMDL105, under greenhouse conditions. The results showed that the rice seeds treated with carbendazim 50%SC and azoxystrobin 25%SC displayed the best promotion of rice growth in root length and shoot height at seven and 14 days in rice var. RD43. Rice seeds from var. KMDL105 treated with thiophanate-methyl 70%WP exhibited significant stimulation of rice seedling growth resulting in the greatest increase in root length and shoot...
Antimicrobial activity and optimization of Aureobasidin A production by Aureobasidium pullulans PA-2 against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus
Liang Cheng, Denggao Yue, Youhai Wei, Haixia Zhu, Hua Weng, Liangzhi Guo, Qingyun Guo
Plant Protect. Sci., 2023, 59(2):145-158 | DOI: 10.17221/173/2021-PPS
This work aims to separate antimicrobial lipopeptides from fermentation by Aureobasidium pullulans PA-2, and verify its antimicrobial activity and the optimum condition of lipopeptide production. Using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis, the lipopeptides with antimicrobial activity was evaluated with the agar well diffusion test. Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to determine optimum conditions for lipopeptides from A. pullulans PA-2. The lipopeptides with antimicrobial activity in the fermentation supernatant of the PA-2 strain was found to be the Aureobasidin A (AbA). In vitro antagonistic...
Comparison of gene expression changes in two wheat varieties with different phenotype to strip rust using RNA-Seq analysis
Congying Yuan*, Yadi Miao, Huihan Zhang, Shiying Liu, Yaoyao Wang
Plant Protect. Sci., 2023, 59(2):134-144 | DOI: 10.17221/125/2022-PPS
The fungus Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst) is an important threat to wheat production because it can cause wheat stripe rust. The present study aimed to identify new stripe rust resistance genes and to provide a theoretical and practical basis for breeding wheat varieties with broad spectrum, stable, and durable resistance. Wheat leaves inoculated with wheat stripe rust fungus Chinese yellow rust 34 were collected at different time points for transcriptomic analysis based on the wheat stripe rust susceptible varieties AVOCET S (AVS) and AVSYr15NIL [near-isogenic line (NIL) derived from AVS]. The results showed that the number...
Molecular diagnosis of red rot of sugarcane in Pakistan and in vitro control of isolated pathogen using rhizobacteria
Zimen Ahmad, Muhammad Asad Farooq, Amama Fatima, Syeda Gul Nisa, Sania Tabassum, Bushra Ismat, Sundus Waseem, Umer Iqbal, Asma Akbar, Urooj Haroon, Hassan Javed Chaudhary, Tauseef Tabassum, Ahmed Z Dewidar, Abdullah Alaklabi, Muhammad Farooq Hussain Munis
Plant Protect. Sci., 2023, 59(2):124-133 | DOI: 10.17221/45/2022-PPS
Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) is a key cash crop, and its production is influenced by a variety of phytopathogens in different parts of the world. During consecutive field surveys, sugarcane stalks with red rot symptoms were observed in three provinces of Pakistan (Punjab, Sindh, and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa). Cane samples with visible symptoms were plated on Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) media. Morphological and microscopic observations identified this pathogen as Colletotrichum falcatum. Comparative molecular study of amplified sequences of β-tubulin (Bt) and Actin (ACT) genes showed 100% similarity and ITS sequence...
Endophytic fungi of hazelnut (Corylus avellana)
Rosario Nicoletti, Beata Zimowska
Plant Protect. Sci., 2023, 59(2):107-123 | DOI: 10.17221/133/2022-PPS
Results of a vast research activity carried out worldwide in the last decades have demonstrated that endophytic fungi hold a fundamental role in improving plant fitness based on their aptitudes as growth promoters and/or defensive mutualists. These properties may have applicative perspectives in crop production, particularly for tree species such as hazelnut (Corylus avellana), which is mostly cropped extensively in semi-natural contexts of highland regions throughout the temperate zones. The available data on the occurrence, ecological roles, and applications in biotechnology of endophytic fungi associated with hazelnuts are revised in this...
Morphological and molecular characterization of Neoscytalidium isolates that cause canker and dieback in Eucalyptus and Chinaberry trees in Iraq
Dleen Naji Abdulrahman, Raed A. Haleem
Plant Protect. Sci., 2023, 59(1):92-105 | DOI: 10.17221/82/2022-PPS
Neoscytalidium Dimidiatum isolates are the most pathogens associated with sooty canker and dieback in the stem and twigs of Eucalyptus and Chinaberry trees in the Kurdistan region of Iraq. Young trees showed branch dieback and yellowing leaves. The symptoms were further developed to sooty canker and dieback appeared on the main branch and trunk. N. dimidiatum colonies on potato dextrose agar were dense white at first and became dark gray to black within seven to ten days. Arthric dark brown conidia (6.6x 4.3 µm) were observed in the chain of mycelium. The color of the colonies was white at the beginning, then eventually turned...
Genetic diversity and pathotype profiling of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae isolates from diverse rice growing ecosystems of Karnataka state of India
Adke Raghunandana, Devanna Pramesh, Gururaj Sunkad, Chittaragi Amoghavarsha, Manoj K. Yadav, Umakanta Ngangkham, H.D. Pushpa, M.K. Prasannakumar, B.T. Raghavendra, Harischandra R. Naik, Siddepalli E. Manjunatha, S.T Yenjerappa
Plant Protect. Sci., 2023, 59(1):31-47 | DOI: 10.17221/76/2022-PPS
Bacterial leaf blight (BLB) disease of rice caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) is one of the significant constraints for rice production. A study was carried out to analyze the virulence, genetic diversity, and population structure of Xoo isolates collected from different rice ecosystems of Karnataka, India. The taxonomic identity of all 54 isolates was confirmed using a Xoo-specific PCR assay. The virulence assay on a set of twenty-eight near-isogenic differentials identified nine pathotype groups (KPthX-1 to KPthX-9). Among them, KPthX-6 was highly virulent, whereas KPthx-2 was less virulent. Differentials with...