Plant Protection Science - Latest articles

Mapping and monitoring of weeds using unmanned aircraft systems and remote sensing

Pon Arasan A., S. Radhamani, S. Pazhanivelan, R. Kavitha, R. Raja, R. Kumaraperumal

Plant Protect. Sci., 2025, 61(1):44-55 | DOI: 10.17221/74/2024-PPS  

Effective weed management relies on frequent field monitoring, which is difficult to perform in vast areas. Integrating red-green-blue, thermal, hyperspectral, and multispectral sensors with unmanned aircraft systems and artificial intelligence ensures better results in managing the weed menace. Since India depends largely on agriculture, it is still a long way from implementing more advanced weed management methods. Mapping and surveillance of weeds in croplands by employing remote sensing will lead to varied herbicide application rates, thus reducing its overuse. This study reviews the practical application of remote sensing methods and unmanned...

Green guardians: Bacterial endophytes in protecting vegetable crops against pathogens

Sagarika Medari, Krishnan Kalpana, Muthusamy Ramakrishnan, Aravindaram Kandan, Subbiah Ramasamy, Karuppiah Eraivan Arutkani Aiyanathan, Sankarasubramanian Harish, Andithevar Beaulah, Rangaswamy Anandham, Narayanan Manikandaboopathi, Marimuthu Ayyandurai

Plant Protect. Sci., 2025, 61(1):21-43 | DOI: 10.17221/38/2024-PPS  

Vegetables are considered as the major source for opportunistic and emerging pathogens due to their diverse microbiome. Utilising bacterial endophytes and other bacterial agents to control a variety of economically important plant diseases is vital for achieving sustainable agriculture. Within internal plant tissues, bacterial endophytes form colonies without apparent injury. These bacteria provide several advantages for plant systems, including the direct stimulation of plant development through the creation of metabolites or phytohormones. Importantly, bacterial endophytes play a dual role by safeguarding their plant host through the biocontrol of...

Loop-mediated isothermal amplification and its limit of detection for diagnostics of plant pathogens

Govindan Muthukumar, Ayyanar Kamalakannan, Irudhayasamy Johnson, Pachamuthu Kamaraj, Iyyamperumal Muthuvel, Shanmugam Varanavasiappan

Plant Protect. Sci., 2025, 61(1):1-20 | DOI: 10.17221/62/2024-PPS  

Phytopathology deals with a branch of biology encompassing pathogens that infect plants. Pathogenic fungi, bacteria, viruses, viroids, and phytoplasmas are notorious and hard to control; preventive measures are important for managing disease as early as possible. Age-old management practices are time-consuming and labour-intensive processes. In the past, nucleic acid-based methods, such as hybridization, amplification, and sequencing, have been used extensively for the preliminary identification of plant pathogens. Recently, PCR-based methods have been widely used for the detection of plant pathogens. However, PCR methods are time-bound and require...

Index of Volume 60

Editorial Department

Plant Protect. Sci., 2024, 60(4):I-III  

Rediscovery of tospovirus vector Dictyothrips betae (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) in Slovakia after 72 years – Short Communication

Michaela Mešková, Martina Zvaríková, Rudolf Masarovič, Jozef Balcerčík, Peter Fedor

Plant Protect. Sci., 2024, 60(4):407-410 | DOI: 10.17221/106/2024-PPS  

The new record of Dictyothrips betae Uzel, 1895 (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) after 72 years in Slovakia is presented. Dictyothrips betae is an important pest and one of the few thrips species known as vectors of dangerous plant tospoviruses, causing severe yield losses to economically important crops worldwide. D. betae was swept from an herbal layer in blown dunes in SW Slovakia.

Identification, classification, and transcriptional analysis of TCP gene family from Scutellaria baicalensis and SbTCP genes response under MeJA and SA treatments

Changying Dong, Purong Zhang, Dan Wang

Plant Protect. Sci., 2024, 60(4):393-406 | DOI: 10.17221/61/2024-PPS  

TCP transcription factor is a plant-specific gene family which plays important roles in many developmental control pathways, regulating secondary metabolites and plant responses to abiotic and biotic stresses. Nevertheless, this gene family remains unknown in Scutellaria baicalensis. Here, by identifying and analysing all the TCP transcription factor family members based on the transcriptome of S. baicalensis, a total of 19 SbTCP genes were obtained following gene classification, the phylogenetic relationship, conserved domain structure, functional differentiation, and an expression activity analysis. Phylogenetic analysis grouped...

Transcriptomic analysis of melon with different Phelipanche aegyptiaca resistance

Yao Guo, Juntao Yang, Haojie Wang, Junhua Li, Bin Liu, Haozhe Min, Yongbing Zhang, Jiancai Mao

Plant Protect. Sci., 2024, 60(4):380-392 | DOI: 10.17221/54/2024-PPS  

To elucidate the genetic factors contributing to melon resistance against Phelipanche aegyptiaca and comprehend the role of differentially resistant materials in responding to changes in P. aegyptiaca parasitisation, we investigated the P. aegyptiaca-resistant line K16 and the susceptible line K27. The parasitism rate of P. aegyptiaca was assessed at 25 days. Results revealed significant differences in parasitisation rates between K16 (15.35%) and K27 (34.2%). We compared inoculated K16 and K27 to their respective controls through transcriptome analysis and contrasted inoculated K16 with inoculated K27. Eight hundred eighteen...

Evaluation of chemical compounds as repellents of the brown marmorated stink bug (Halyomorpha halys [Stål])

Ziga Laznik, Matej Podgornik Milosavljević, Stanislav Trdan

Plant Protect. Sci., 2024, 60(4):371-379 | DOI: 10.17221/87/2024-PPS  

The brown marmorated stink bug [Halyomorpha halys (Stål)] is an invasive pest species. This polyphagous insect, native to Eastern Asia, threatens various cultivated plant species. Control methods often rely on chemical insecticides, but the decreasing use of such agents has prompted a shift towards preventive measures. As a defence mechanism, natural compounds released by plants have gained attention for their potential deterrent or attractant properties. In this study, we evaluated the response of the brown marmorated stink bug to selected chemical substances, including citronellal, hexanal, nonanol, β-caryophyllene, linalool, ocimene,...

Piriformospora indica incumbers the incidence and growth of Colletotrichum capsici in colonized chilli plants by direct antagonism and activation of phenylpropanoid pathway

Elizabeth T. Jojy, P. Amrutha, Joy Michal Johnson, A. Sajeena, M. Rafeekher, N. V. Radhakrishnan, Ambily Paul

Plant Protect. Sci., 2024, 60(4):354-370 | DOI: 10.17221/119/2023-PPS  

Chilli anthracnose, incited by Colletotrichum capsici, is a major disease affecting the quality and quantity of chilli production. Farmers greatly depend on synthetic fungicides for the management of the disease. However, the extensive and non-judicious use of chemical fungicides resulted in the development of fungicide resistance in the pathogen and associated human and animal health risks. Piriformospora indica, a beneficial fungal root endophyte, has been employed as an efficient and safe biocontrol agent for managing bacterial, fungal and viral diseases and enhancing growth and yield. Hence, the present study was carried out to establish...

Critique on the dipteran pests of commercial flower crops: An obligate threat to the floral industry

Babu Babu Sreelatha Anand, Kanna Selvaraj Suganya, Chinnaiah Muthiah, Jacob Rajangam, Subramanian Rajesh, Ramayya Nalini, Angappan Suganthi

Plant Protect. Sci., 2024, 60(4):328-353 | DOI: 10.17221/29/2024-PPS  

The floral industry grapples with challenges like changing climatic scenarios, differences in market trends, rising costs, and severe losses posed by insect pests. The management of dipteran pests encompassing diverse species, such as leaf miners, midges, flies, and mosquitoes, has emerged as an obligate adversary, inflicting substantial economic losses in the cut and loose flower industry. Through a comprehensive analysis of existing literature, this paper delves into the diverse array of dipteran species of leaf miners and midges, their life cycles, distribution, host range, damaging symptoms, insecticide resistance, and the management strategies...

Sixty-year anniversary of the journal Plant Protection Science

Aleš Lebeda, Věra Kroftová, Radovan Pokorný

Plant Protect. Sci., 2024, 60(4):311-327 | DOI: 10.17221/182/2024-PPS  

In 2024, the journal Plant Protection Science (PPS) completes 60 years of publication (1965–2024). Its roots extend back to the year 1921. In recent years, PPS has developed into an international scientific journal focused on all aspects of plant protection science, published exclusively in English, and with an international editorial board. The publisher is the Czech Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), celebrating its 100th anniversary (1924–2024). PPS is one of eleven agricultural journals published by CAAS. On its 50th anniversary, PPS published a detailed overview of its history and development. This latest critical review summarises...

First report of Colletotrichum nigrum causing tomato anthracnose in Serbia

Renata Iličić, Jovana Blagojević, Ferenc Bagi, Đina Konstantin, Vojislav Trkulja, Nenad Trkulja, Tatjana Popović Milovanović

Plant Protect. Sci., 2024, 60(3):305-309 | DOI: 10.17221/14/2024-PPS  

During the survey of open tomato fields in Vojvodina (Serbia), characteristic anthracnose disease symptoms, including black, circular, sunken, and watery lesions, were observed in about 20% of fruits in September 2018. Subsequent pathogen isolations formed white aerial mycelia and numerous spherical, black conidiomata on the Potato Dextrose Agar. Ten representative isolates produced hyaline, smooth-walled, cylindrical, and aseptate conidia. The presence of initially brownish necrotic lesions on the tomato, which later expanded into large rotted areas, ultimately leading to complete fruit rot, confirmed the pathogenicity of the tested isolates. Molecular...

Responses of seed germination of Xanthium orientale L. and Xanthium spinosum L. to temperature

Biljana Kelečević, Zlatan Kovačević, Siniša Mitrić, Sava Vrbničanin

Plant Protect. Sci., 2024, 60(3):295-304 | DOI: 10.17221/124/2023-PPS  

Species of the genus Xanthium (cocklebur) are invasive plants widespread all over the world. In Bosnia and Herzegovina, Xanthium orientale L. was an invasive species, while Xanthium spinosum L. was an economically harmful weed species. The reason these species are spread over vast areas and across various climate conditions must be attributed to their biology, particularly the biology of their seeds. Germination of populations of X. orientale and X. spinosum at a temperature range of 15 °C to 40 °C over 2 to 20 days ranged between 15.0% (X. spinosum) and 90.0% (X. orientale). By means of the application of a statistical model, a positive correlative...

Biopesticide formulation based on essential oils in Drosophila suzukii management as a future of pest control

Dragana Bošković, Slavica Vuković, Sanja Lazić, Nuray Baser, Mihaela Kavran, Dragana Novaković, Aleksandra Šušnjar, Jelena Ećimović, Milica Stožinić, Dragana Šunjka

Plant Protect. Sci., 2024, 60(3):288-294 | DOI: 10.17221/11/2024-PPS  

Drosophila suzukii poses a significant threat to berry fruits with its uncontrolled spread. Essential oils (EOs) have emerged as potential bioinsecticides due to their natural origin, mode of action, and biodegradability. Although EOs show potential for use in agriculture due to ecotoxicologically favourable characteristics, additional research is required to enhance their effectiveness, stability, and application for practical implementation in pest management. The primary objective of this research was the development of a bioinsecticide formulation based on a combination of three EOs – Pelargonium graveolens, Anethum graveolens,...

Enhancing pest management in sugar beet cultivation: impact of variety selection and insecticide seed treatments on sugar beet flea beetles and weevils

Darija Lemic, Mario Schumann, Ralf Tilcher, Olaf Czarnecki, Katarina M. Mikac, Domagoj Vučemilović-Jurić, Helena Viric Gasparic

Plant Protect. Sci., 2024, 60(3):278-287 | DOI: 10.17221/8/2024-PPS  

This study focused on evaluating the effectiveness of seed treatments and different sugar beet varieties in controlling flea beetles (Chaetocnema tibialis) and sugar beet weevils (Asproparthenis punctiventris) in Croatia. The field trials were conducted in Vukovar-Sirmia County and targeted the developmental stages of sugar beet from BBCH 12 to BBCH 31. Although the sowing was done within the optimal period, no clear pattern between germination of the seeds and susceptibility was identified as the results showed different responses at different development stages and among the three variants. The experimental design comprised no insecticide,...

Selectivity and efficiency: evaluation of synthetic Grapholita molesta sexual pheromones

Žaneta Pražanová, Hana Šefrová

Plant Protect. Sci., 2024, 60(3):267-277 | DOI: 10.17221/47/2024-PPS  

The effectiveness of pheromone lures for Grapholita molesta (Busck 1916) from Propher (Czech Republic) and Pherobank (Netherlands), the attractiveness of green and transparent pheromone traps and the representation of non-target species were evaluated in three study areas of southern Moravia (Czech Republic) in 2019–2021 (24 traps per year). A total of 6 536 Grapholita molesta and 946 individuals of 17 non-target species were collected. Grapholita molesta was frequently captured in green delta traps with a Pherobank pheromone lure. Therefore, pheromone lures from different manufacturers have different efficacy and require the independent...

Isolation, molecular identification, and efficacy of indigenous entomopathogenic fungus isolates against Tribolium confusum (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) larvae and adults

Koko Dwi Sutanto, Mureed Husain, Khawaja Ghulam Rasool, Mohammed Ibrahim Elbashir, Richard W. Mankin, Abdalsalam Osman Omar, Abdulrahman Saad Aldawood

Plant Protect. Sci., 2024, 60(3):258-266 | DOI: 10.17221/131/2023-PPS  

Entomopathogenic fungi (EPF) represent the future of pest control, as they have the capacity to induce serious infections in insects, trigger epizootics, and effectively manage insect populations. The study aimed to identify and test indigenous EPF isolates against Tribolium confusum using soil samples from Northwestern and central Saudi Arabia. Galleria mellonella larvae were used as insect bait to collect EPF from soil samples from date palm groves, fruit groves, and maise fields. Only 27.3% of soil samples tested positive for palm grove-originating EPFs. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) identified the cultured fungi as Metarhizium...

The control of soil-borne fungal pathogens in grapevine nurseries in Türkiye and their impact on sapling quality

Nurdan Gungor Savas

Plant Protect. Sci., 2024, 60(3):241-257 | DOI: 10.17221/94/2023-PPS  

In the production of grafted vines, losses are caused by fungal pathogens during callus forming or after planting in the soil. To control or reduce natural soil-born fungal infections in nurseries, certain applications were conducted in the sapling cultivation stage to analyse the efficacy of cyprodinil + fludioxonil, fluopyram + tebuconazole active substances, and Trichoderma harzianum biological preparation: 1103 Paulsen rootstock and Vitis viniferea L. cv. In the study, Sultana cultivars were stored in fungicide suspensions for 60 min before and after grafting. After grafting, the saplings were divided into (i) cutting + sawdust (ii)...

TIR-NBS-LRR genes play a role in plant defense against biotic stress in Solanum lycopersicum

Namo Dubey, Anjali Chaudhary, Kunal Singh

Plant Protect. Sci., 2024, 60(3):229-240 | DOI: 10.17221/127/2023-PPS  

Among the many biotic factors with adverse effects on Solanum lycopersicum (tomato), diseases caused by fungi, viruses and nematodes are notable. Since the genome of S. lycopersicum became available, efforts have continued to identify the genes and proteins associated with the plant defence activity. One such gene family belongs to TIR-NBS-LRR (TNL), a subfamily of larger NBS-LRR genes. In total, 27 full-length TNLs were identified via genome wide analysis. Four pairs of segmental duplication events were observed involving different pairs of chromosomes, except the pairing of Solyc02g082050-Solyc02g032650, which were both present...

Exploring the role of endophytic fungi in the amelioration of drought stress in plants

Alulutho Nombamba, Ayomide Emmanuel Fadiji, Olubukola Oluranti Babalola

Plant Protect. Sci., 2024, 60(3):213-228 | DOI: 10.17221/25/2023-PPS  

Drought is one of the environmental stresses that threaten food availability. It results in decreased crop yields and developments and diminishes overall plant health. Chemical solutions for alleviating drought stress may be harmful to the environment. Using an alternative, microorganisms help counter the effects of drought stress. Endophytes have a mutualistic relationship with the host as they provide protection and get nutrients. Fungal endophytes assist plants in countering the damaging results of drought stress by producing phytohormones and growth-promoting compounds that promote root and shoot growth and enhance crop productivity. Inoculating...

Aceria artemisiifoliae Vidović & Petanović (Acari: Eriophyoidea) on common ragweed – the second record in the world

Peter Tóth, Monika Tóthová, Nikola Andjelković, Slavica Marinković, Tatjana Cvrković, Biljana Vidović

Plant Protect. Sci., 2024, 60(2):207-211 | DOI: 10.17221/13/2024-PPS  

Common ragweed – Ambrosia artemisiifolia L. (Asteraceae) is an invasive plant species in Europe native to North America. Most of the records of known eriophyid mites on different ragweed species are from their native range. Our field experiments in Slovakia, 2016–2023, aimed to identify specific species feeding on common ragweed. We searched for symptomatic plants and collected growing tips, which were then preserved in 70% ethanol for further study. A recently described species of eriophyid mite, Aceria artemisiifoliae Vidović & Petanović (Acari: Eriophyoidea), was found in western and eastern Slovakia. This is the first...

Effect of legume (Fabaceae Lindl.) seeds on selected life activities in J2 stage of Meloidogyne hapla

Renata Dobosz, Roman Krawczyk

Plant Protect. Sci., 2024, 60(2):193-206 | DOI: 10.17221/17/2024-PPS  

Meloidogyne hapla is a serious pest of many cultivated plants. In response to the economic significance of the species, efforts are being made to develop a new method to reduce its harmful effects on crops. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of diffusates from seeds of selected species of legumes on the motility of second-stage juveniles and to evaluate the effect of meal from seeds of selected species of legume on the capacity to infect the roots of tomato plants by the J2 stage. The experiment examined the effect of diffusates on the motility of the J2 stage performed in Petri dishes, at temperatures of 10 °C, 17 °C and 21 °C....

Comparative analysis of unmanned aerial vehicle and conventional spray systems for the maize fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera; Noctuidae) management

P.S. Shanmugam, T. Srinivasan, V. Baskaran, A. Suganthi, B.Vinothkumar, G. Arulkumar, S. Backiyaraj, S. Chinnadurai, V. Somasundaram, N. Sathiah, N. Muthukrishnan, S.V. Krishnamoorthy, K. Prabakar, S. Douresamy, Y.S. Johnson Edward Thangaraj, S. Pazhanivelan, K.P. Ragunath, R.Kumaraperumal, S. Jeyarani, R. Kavitha, A.P. Mohankumar

Plant Protect. Sci., 2024, 60(2):181-192 | DOI: 10.17221/96/2023-PPS  

Insecticidal interventions at critical stages of maize are an important strategy for managing invasive insect pest fall armyworm (FAW) Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith). Conventional spraying systems cannot be used over larger areas, and the insecticide application using unmanned aerial vehicles is becoming popular among peasants. As the FAW resides inside the maize whorls, targeted insecticide application is necessary for effective management. The efficacy of (UAV) spray with different types of nozzles was compared with the conventional spray system, namely high-volume spray and Control droplet applicator. The other spray systems' droplet...

In vitro antifungal activity and mechanism of action of carvacrol against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary

Lei Yang, Xue Ma, Lijun Wang, Guogen Yang, Lijun Zhou, Zhilin Zhang, Xiaomeng Li

Plant Protect. Sci., 2024, 60(2):172-180 | DOI: 10.17221/121/2023-PPS  

This study aimed to examine the antifungal effects of nine monoterpenes on Sclerotinia sclerotiorum via the mycelial growth rate method. The effects of carvacrol on the morphological structures of hyphae were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The oxalic acid (OA), total protein contents, and the activity of cell wall-degrading enzymes, including chitinase, cellulase and β-1,3-glucanase, were assessed. The results showed that the antifungal rates of carvacrol, thymol and eugenol reached 100% at a concentration of 400 mg/L, and the EC50 values of carvacrol, thymol, and eugenol were 43.40, 56.22, and 86.63 mg/L, respectively....

The disease quantification analysis of cotton Verticillium wilt using the two methods of disease index and fungal biomass present high consistency

He Zhu, Yue Li, Xiao-Bin Ji, Dan-Dan Zhang, Jie-Yin Chen, Xiao-Feng Dai, Zi-Sheng Wang, Dan Wang

Plant Protect. Sci., 2024, 60(2):161-171 | DOI: 10.17221/109/2023-PPS  

Verticillium dahliae is a broad host-range pathogen that causes vascular wilt in plants. The Verticillium wilt disease severity assay on plants caused by V. dahliae mainly includes two methods, one is a plant disease grade classification based on disease severity statistics [namely the disease index (DI)], and the other is the V. dahliae biomass quantification in plants (namely the fungal biomass). In this study, the relationships of pathogenicity with the DI, pathogenicity with the biomass, and the correlation analysis of the DI and relative fungal biomass were analysed. The results showed that pathogenicity assessment of V....

Preliminary study on horizontal transfer and loss of the AM toxin gene of Alternaria

Ting Chen, Jiling Dang, Peng Zhang, Jinju Shi, Jia Feng

Plant Protect. Sci., 2024, 60(2):151-160 | DOI: 10.17221/106/2023-PPS  

The genus Alternaria has a global distribution and consists of a diverse group of pathogens. Plant-pathogenic Alternaria spp. can reduce the crop yield and pose serious threats to agricultural production. The pathogen A. mali is recognised as the key the pathogenic mechanism in the early defoliation of apples, which produces the host specific toxin (HST) that was named as an apple specific toxin (a specialised toxin of A. alternata pv. mali, AM toxin). The phenomenon of horizontal transfer of the AM toxin gene from different strains of A. alternata was found, and the relationship between the AM toxin and pathogenicity...

Powdery mildews (Erysiphales) species spectrum on plants of family Lamiaceae in the Czech Republic

Markéta Michutová, Barbora Mieslerova, Ivana Šafránková, Barbora Jilkova, Maria Neoralova, Ales Lebeda

Plant Protect. Sci., 2024, 60(2):139-150 | DOI: 10.17221/21/2024-PPS  

This article focuses on the occurrence of powdery mildews in the Lamiaceae family in the Czech Republic. A comprehensive analysis of morphological characteristics supported by molecular analysis of partial ITS sequences and analysis of host species gained important insights regarding the occurrence and diversity of powdery mildews. Thirty-four plant samples of the Lamiaceae family infected by powdery mildew collected in the Czech Republic between 2015–2022 were analysed. In these samples, the occurrence of all newly described species within the former Golovinomyces biocellatus complex was confirmed (G. biocellatus, G. salviae,...

Exploring the weed host range of resistance-breaking variants of tomato spotted wilt orthotospovirus (TSWV) across life cycles in Türkiye

Hakan Fidan, Ailar Gonbad, Yasin Emre Kitis

Plant Protect. Sci., 2024, 60(2):127-138 | DOI: 10.17221/118/2023-PPS  

Tomato spotted wilt orthotospovirus (TSWV) is destroying tomato and pepper resistance all over the world, including Antalya (Türkiye). Two greenhouses that show infection of TSWV in the Serik (coastal) and Elmali (highland) areas were chosen for research between 2019 and 2021 to better understand the disease's life cycle. During the surveys, we focused on weed hosts to better understand TSWV disease's cycle. TSWV infection was determined in 58 peppers, 34 tomatoes, 270 weeds, and 20 other vegetable samples. Weed samples revealed essentially no symptoms, however, grown plants showed classic TSWV symptoms. The Asteraceae family had the highest...

Scope and potential of herbicidal values of the fungal pathogens and its secondary metabolites for sustainable weed management

Vaddi Saitheja, Kanthan Thirukumaran, Vaithiyanathan Sendhilvel, Ramasamy Karthikeyan, M. Karuppasami Kalarani, Sampathrajan Vellaikumar, Panneerselvam Parasuraman, SP Sangeetha, Thangaraj Abhinaya

Plant Protect. Sci., 2024, 60(2):109-126 | DOI: 10.17221/31/2024-PPS  

Weeds are the major menace to agriculture, which greatly impact crop growth and development, resulting in economic yield loss or crop failures. Therefore, it is indispensable to take up appropriate weed management practices to prevent the effects of weeds on crops. Chemical herbicides have immense potential for effective control of weeds, but, in the long run, the persistent nature of herbicides adversely affects the soil microbes and also that terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. Bioherbicides are products derived from plant extracts, allelochemicals or microbes and their secondary metabolites with weed-suppressing abilities. Most microbial bioherbicides...

List of Reviewers 2023

Editorial Department

Plant Protect. Sci., 2024, 60(1)