Plant Protection Science - Latest articles

Critique on the dipteran pests of commercial flower crops: An obligate threat to the floral industry

Babu Babu Sreelatha Anand, Kanna Selvaraj Suganya, Chinnaiah Muthiah, Jacob Rajangam, Subramanian Rajesh, Ramayya Nalini, Angappan Suganthi

Plant Protect. Sci., 2024, 60(4):328-353 | DOI: 10.17221/29/2024-PPS  

The floral industry grapples with challenges like changing climatic scenarios, differences in market trends, rising costs, and severe losses posed by insect pests. The management of dipteran pests encompassing diverse species, such as leaf miners, midges, flies, and mosquitoes, has emerged as an obligate adversary, inflicting substantial economic losses in the cut and loose flower industry. Through a comprehensive analysis of existing literature, this paper delves into the diverse array of dipteran species of leaf miners and midges, their life cycles, distribution, host range, damaging symptoms, insecticide resistance, and the management strategies...

Sixty-year anniversary of the journal Plant Protection Science

Aleš Lebeda, Věra Kroftová, Radovan Pokorný

Plant Protect. Sci., 2024, 60(4):311-327 | DOI: 10.17221/182/2024-PPS  

In 2024, the journal Plant Protection Science (PPS) completes 60 years of publication (1965–2024). Its roots extend back to the year 1921. In recent years, PPS has developed into an international scientific journal focused on all aspects of plant protection science, published exclusively in English, and with an international editorial board. The publisher is the Czech Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), celebrating its 100th anniversary (1924–2024). PPS is one of eleven agricultural journals published by CAAS. On its 50th anniversary, PPS published a detailed overview of its history and development. This latest critical review summarises...

First report of Colletotrichum nigrum causing tomato anthracnose in Serbia

Renata Iličić, Jovana Blagojević, Ferenc Bagi, Đina Konstantin, Vojislav Trkulja, Nenad Trkulja, Tatjana Popović Milovanović

Plant Protect. Sci., 2024, 60(3):305-309 | DOI: 10.17221/14/2024-PPS  

During the survey of open tomato fields in Vojvodina (Serbia), characteristic anthracnose disease symptoms, including black, circular, sunken, and watery lesions, were observed in about 20% of fruits in September 2018. Subsequent pathogen isolations formed white aerial mycelia and numerous spherical, black conidiomata on the Potato Dextrose Agar. Ten representative isolates produced hyaline, smooth-walled, cylindrical, and aseptate conidia. The presence of initially brownish necrotic lesions on the tomato, which later expanded into large rotted areas, ultimately leading to complete fruit rot, confirmed the pathogenicity of the tested isolates. Molecular...

Responses of seed germination of Xanthium orientale L. and Xanthium spinosum L. to temperature

Biljana Kelečević, Zlatan Kovačević, Siniša Mitrić, Sava Vrbničanin

Plant Protect. Sci., 2024, 60(3):295-304 | DOI: 10.17221/124/2023-PPS  

Species of the genus Xanthium (cocklebur) are invasive plants widespread all over the world. In Bosnia and Herzegovina, Xanthium orientale L. was an invasive species, while Xanthium spinosum L. was an economically harmful weed species. The reason these species are spread over vast areas and across various climate conditions must be attributed to their biology, particularly the biology of their seeds. Germination of populations of X. orientale and X. spinosum at a temperature range of 15 °C to 40 °C over 2 to 20 days ranged between 15.0% (X. spinosum) and 90.0% (X. orientale). By means of the application of a statistical model, a positive correlative...

Biopesticide formulation based on essential oils in Drosophila suzukii management as a future of pest control

Dragana Bošković, Slavica Vuković, Sanja Lazić, Nuray Baser, Mihaela Kavran, Dragana Novaković, Aleksandra Šušnjar, Jelena Ećimović, Milica Stožinić, Dragana Šunjka

Plant Protect. Sci., 2024, 60(3):288-294 | DOI: 10.17221/11/2024-PPS  

Drosophila suzukii poses a significant threat to berry fruits with its uncontrolled spread. Essential oils (EOs) have emerged as potential bioinsecticides due to their natural origin, mode of action, and biodegradability. Although EOs show potential for use in agriculture due to ecotoxicologically favourable characteristics, additional research is required to enhance their effectiveness, stability, and application for practical implementation in pest management. The primary objective of this research was the development of a bioinsecticide formulation based on a combination of three EOs – Pelargonium graveolens, Anethum graveolens,...

Enhancing pest management in sugar beet cultivation: impact of variety selection and insecticide seed treatments on sugar beet flea beetles and weevils

Darija Lemic, Mario Schumann, Ralf Tilcher, Olaf Czarnecki, Katarina M. Mikac, Domagoj Vučemilović-Jurić, Helena Viric Gasparic

Plant Protect. Sci., 2024, 60(3):278-287 | DOI: 10.17221/8/2024-PPS  

This study focused on evaluating the effectiveness of seed treatments and different sugar beet varieties in controlling flea beetles (Chaetocnema tibialis) and sugar beet weevils (Asproparthenis punctiventris) in Croatia. The field trials were conducted in Vukovar-Sirmia County and targeted the developmental stages of sugar beet from BBCH 12 to BBCH 31. Although the sowing was done within the optimal period, no clear pattern between germination of the seeds and susceptibility was identified as the results showed different responses at different development stages and among the three variants. The experimental design comprised no insecticide,...

Selectivity and efficiency: evaluation of synthetic Grapholita molesta sexual pheromones

Žaneta Pražanová, Hana Šefrová

Plant Protect. Sci., 2024, 60(3):267-277 | DOI: 10.17221/47/2024-PPS  

The effectiveness of pheromone lures for Grapholita molesta (Busck 1916) from Propher (Czech Republic) and Pherobank (Netherlands), the attractiveness of green and transparent pheromone traps and the representation of non-target species were evaluated in three study areas of southern Moravia (Czech Republic) in 2019–2021 (24 traps per year). A total of 6 536 Grapholita molesta and 946 individuals of 17 non-target species were collected. Grapholita molesta was frequently captured in green delta traps with a Pherobank pheromone lure. Therefore, pheromone lures from different manufacturers have different efficacy and require the independent...

Isolation, molecular identification, and efficacy of indigenous entomopathogenic fungus isolates against Tribolium confusum (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) larvae and adults

Koko Dwi Sutanto, Mureed Husain, Khawaja Ghulam Rasool, Mohammed Ibrahim Elbashir, Richard W. Mankin, Abdalsalam Osman Omar, Abdulrahman Saad Aldawood

Plant Protect. Sci., 2024, 60(3):258-266 | DOI: 10.17221/131/2023-PPS  

Entomopathogenic fungi (EPF) represent the future of pest control, as they have the capacity to induce serious infections in insects, trigger epizootics, and effectively manage insect populations. The study aimed to identify and test indigenous EPF isolates against Tribolium confusum using soil samples from Northwestern and central Saudi Arabia. Galleria mellonella larvae were used as insect bait to collect EPF from soil samples from date palm groves, fruit groves, and maise fields. Only 27.3% of soil samples tested positive for palm grove-originating EPFs. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) identified the cultured fungi as Metarhizium...

The control of soil-borne fungal pathogens in grapevine nurseries in Türkiye and their impact on sapling quality

Nurdan Gungor Savas

Plant Protect. Sci., 2024, 60(3):241-257 | DOI: 10.17221/94/2023-PPS  

In the production of grafted vines, losses are caused by fungal pathogens during callus forming or after planting in the soil. To control or reduce natural soil-born fungal infections in nurseries, certain applications were conducted in the sapling cultivation stage to analyse the efficacy of cyprodinil + fludioxonil, fluopyram + tebuconazole active substances, and Trichoderma harzianum biological preparation: 1103 Paulsen rootstock and Vitis viniferea L. cv. In the study, Sultana cultivars were stored in fungicide suspensions for 60 min before and after grafting. After grafting, the saplings were divided into (i) cutting + sawdust (ii)...

TIR-NBS-LRR genes play a role in plant defense against biotic stress in Solanum lycopersicum

Namo Dubey, Anjali Chaudhary, Kunal Singh

Plant Protect. Sci., 2024, 60(3):229-240 | DOI: 10.17221/127/2023-PPS  

Among the many biotic factors with adverse effects on Solanum lycopersicum (tomato), diseases caused by fungi, viruses and nematodes are notable. Since the genome of S. lycopersicum became available, efforts have continued to identify the genes and proteins associated with the plant defence activity. One such gene family belongs to TIR-NBS-LRR (TNL), a subfamily of larger NBS-LRR genes. In total, 27 full-length TNLs were identified via genome wide analysis. Four pairs of segmental duplication events were observed involving different pairs of chromosomes, except the pairing of Solyc02g082050-Solyc02g032650, which were both present...

Exploring the role of endophytic fungi in the amelioration of drought stress in plants

Alulutho Nombamba, Ayomide Emmanuel Fadiji, Olubukola Oluranti Babalola

Plant Protect. Sci., 2024, 60(3):213-228 | DOI: 10.17221/25/2023-PPS  

Drought is one of the environmental stresses that threaten food availability. It results in decreased crop yields and developments and diminishes overall plant health. Chemical solutions for alleviating drought stress may be harmful to the environment. Using an alternative, microorganisms help counter the effects of drought stress. Endophytes have a mutualistic relationship with the host as they provide protection and get nutrients. Fungal endophytes assist plants in countering the damaging results of drought stress by producing phytohormones and growth-promoting compounds that promote root and shoot growth and enhance crop productivity. Inoculating...

Aceria artemisiifoliae Vidović & Petanović (Acari: Eriophyoidea) on common ragweed – the second record in the world

Peter Tóth, Monika Tóthová, Nikola Andjelković, Slavica Marinković, Tatjana Cvrković, Biljana Vidović

Plant Protect. Sci., 2024, 60(2):207-211 | DOI: 10.17221/13/2024-PPS  

Common ragweed – Ambrosia artemisiifolia L. (Asteraceae) is an invasive plant species in Europe native to North America. Most of the records of known eriophyid mites on different ragweed species are from their native range. Our field experiments in Slovakia, 2016–2023, aimed to identify specific species feeding on common ragweed. We searched for symptomatic plants and collected growing tips, which were then preserved in 70% ethanol for further study. A recently described species of eriophyid mite, Aceria artemisiifoliae Vidović & Petanović (Acari: Eriophyoidea), was found in western and eastern Slovakia. This is the first...

Effect of legume (Fabaceae Lindl.) seeds on selected life activities in J2 stage of Meloidogyne hapla

Renata Dobosz, Roman Krawczyk

Plant Protect. Sci., 2024, 60(2):193-206 | DOI: 10.17221/17/2024-PPS  

Meloidogyne hapla is a serious pest of many cultivated plants. In response to the economic significance of the species, efforts are being made to develop a new method to reduce its harmful effects on crops. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of diffusates from seeds of selected species of legumes on the motility of second-stage juveniles and to evaluate the effect of meal from seeds of selected species of legume on the capacity to infect the roots of tomato plants by the J2 stage. The experiment examined the effect of diffusates on the motility of the J2 stage performed in Petri dishes, at temperatures of 10 °C, 17 °C and 21 °C....

Comparative analysis of unmanned aerial vehicle and conventional spray systems for the maize fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera; Noctuidae) management

P.S. Shanmugam, T. Srinivasan, V. Baskaran, A. Suganthi, B.Vinothkumar, G. Arulkumar, S. Backiyaraj, S. Chinnadurai, V. Somasundaram, N. Sathiah, N. Muthukrishnan, S.V. Krishnamoorthy, K. Prabakar, S. Douresamy, Y.S. Johnson Edward Thangaraj, S. Pazhanivelan, K.P. Ragunath, R.Kumaraperumal, S. Jeyarani, R. Kavitha, A.P. Mohankumar

Plant Protect. Sci., 2024, 60(2):181-192 | DOI: 10.17221/96/2023-PPS  

Insecticidal interventions at critical stages of maize are an important strategy for managing invasive insect pest fall armyworm (FAW) Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith). Conventional spraying systems cannot be used over larger areas, and the insecticide application using unmanned aerial vehicles is becoming popular among peasants. As the FAW resides inside the maize whorls, targeted insecticide application is necessary for effective management. The efficacy of (UAV) spray with different types of nozzles was compared with the conventional spray system, namely high-volume spray and Control droplet applicator. The other spray systems' droplet...

In vitro antifungal activity and mechanism of action of carvacrol against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary

Lei Yang, Xue Ma, Lijun Wang, Guogen Yang, Lijun Zhou, Zhilin Zhang, Xiaomeng Li

Plant Protect. Sci., 2024, 60(2):172-180 | DOI: 10.17221/121/2023-PPS  

This study aimed to examine the antifungal effects of nine monoterpenes on Sclerotinia sclerotiorum via the mycelial growth rate method. The effects of carvacrol on the morphological structures of hyphae were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The oxalic acid (OA), total protein contents, and the activity of cell wall-degrading enzymes, including chitinase, cellulase and β-1,3-glucanase, were assessed. The results showed that the antifungal rates of carvacrol, thymol and eugenol reached 100% at a concentration of 400 mg/L, and the EC50 values of carvacrol, thymol, and eugenol were 43.40, 56.22, and 86.63 mg/L, respectively....

The disease quantification analysis of cotton Verticillium wilt using the two methods of disease index and fungal biomass present high consistency

He Zhu, Yue Li, Xiao-Bin Ji, Dan-Dan Zhang, Jie-Yin Chen, Xiao-Feng Dai, Zi-Sheng Wang, Dan Wang

Plant Protect. Sci., 2024, 60(2):161-171 | DOI: 10.17221/109/2023-PPS  

Verticillium dahliae is a broad host-range pathogen that causes vascular wilt in plants. The Verticillium wilt disease severity assay on plants caused by V. dahliae mainly includes two methods, one is a plant disease grade classification based on disease severity statistics [namely the disease index (DI)], and the other is the V. dahliae biomass quantification in plants (namely the fungal biomass). In this study, the relationships of pathogenicity with the DI, pathogenicity with the biomass, and the correlation analysis of the DI and relative fungal biomass were analysed. The results showed that pathogenicity assessment of V....

Preliminary study on horizontal transfer and loss of the AM toxin gene of Alternaria

Ting Chen, Jiling Dang, Peng Zhang, Jinju Shi, Jia Feng

Plant Protect. Sci., 2024, 60(2):151-160 | DOI: 10.17221/106/2023-PPS  

The genus Alternaria has a global distribution and consists of a diverse group of pathogens. Plant-pathogenic Alternaria spp. can reduce the crop yield and pose serious threats to agricultural production. The pathogen A. mali is recognised as the key the pathogenic mechanism in the early defoliation of apples, which produces the host specific toxin (HST) that was named as an apple specific toxin (a specialised toxin of A. alternata pv. mali, AM toxin). The phenomenon of horizontal transfer of the AM toxin gene from different strains of A. alternata was found, and the relationship between the AM toxin and pathogenicity...

Powdery mildews (Erysiphales) species spectrum on plants of family Lamiaceae in the Czech Republic

Markéta Michutová, Barbora Mieslerova, Ivana Šafránková, Barbora Jilkova, Maria Neoralova, Ales Lebeda

Plant Protect. Sci., 2024, 60(2):139-150 | DOI: 10.17221/21/2024-PPS  

This article focuses on the occurrence of powdery mildews in the Lamiaceae family in the Czech Republic. A comprehensive analysis of morphological characteristics supported by molecular analysis of partial ITS sequences and analysis of host species gained important insights regarding the occurrence and diversity of powdery mildews. Thirty-four plant samples of the Lamiaceae family infected by powdery mildew collected in the Czech Republic between 2015–2022 were analysed. In these samples, the occurrence of all newly described species within the former Golovinomyces biocellatus complex was confirmed (G. biocellatus, G. salviae,...

Exploring the weed host range of resistance-breaking variants of tomato spotted wilt orthotospovirus (TSWV) across life cycles in Türkiye

Hakan Fidan, Ailar Gonbad, Yasin Emre Kitis

Plant Protect. Sci., 2024, 60(2):127-138 | DOI: 10.17221/118/2023-PPS  

Tomato spotted wilt orthotospovirus (TSWV) is destroying tomato and pepper resistance all over the world, including Antalya (Türkiye). Two greenhouses that show infection of TSWV in the Serik (coastal) and Elmali (highland) areas were chosen for research between 2019 and 2021 to better understand the disease's life cycle. During the surveys, we focused on weed hosts to better understand TSWV disease's cycle. TSWV infection was determined in 58 peppers, 34 tomatoes, 270 weeds, and 20 other vegetable samples. Weed samples revealed essentially no symptoms, however, grown plants showed classic TSWV symptoms. The Asteraceae family had the highest...

Scope and potential of herbicidal values of the fungal pathogens and its secondary metabolites for sustainable weed management

Vaddi Saitheja, Kanthan Thirukumaran, Vaithiyanathan Sendhilvel, Ramasamy Karthikeyan, M. Karuppasami Kalarani, Sampathrajan Vellaikumar, Panneerselvam Parasuraman, SP Sangeetha, Thangaraj Abhinaya

Plant Protect. Sci., 2024, 60(2):109-126 | DOI: 10.17221/31/2024-PPS  

Weeds are the major menace to agriculture, which greatly impact crop growth and development, resulting in economic yield loss or crop failures. Therefore, it is indispensable to take up appropriate weed management practices to prevent the effects of weeds on crops. Chemical herbicides have immense potential for effective control of weeds, but, in the long run, the persistent nature of herbicides adversely affects the soil microbes and also that terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. Bioherbicides are products derived from plant extracts, allelochemicals or microbes and their secondary metabolites with weed-suppressing abilities. Most microbial bioherbicides...

List of Reviewers 2023

Editorial Department

Plant Protect. Sci., 2024, 60(1)  

Obituary of Ing. Věra Mokrá, CSc. (1932–2023)

Veronika Strnadová, Marcela Mrázková

Plant Protect. Sci., 2024, 60(1):106-107 | DOI: 10.17221/7/2024-PPS  

A prominent scientist in the field of plant virology, our dear colleague Mrs. Ing. Věra Mokrá, CSc., passed away on July 20, 2023. Over the course of almost sixty years (from 1959 to 2008, when she finally retired), Věra Mokrá played a key role in the research of ornamental plant viruses. She was not only one of the founders of the field of virology of ornamental plants in Czechoslovakia, but she also contributed to its significant development and managed to raise the research level to the world level within several decades (Bojňanský 1992). It is very important to remember  her difficult life, often literally pioneering work and rich professional...

The predators of aphids on apples in the region East Sarajevo (Bosnia and Herzegovina)

Dejana Stanic

Plant Protect. Sci., 2024, 60(1):97-105 | DOI: 10.17221/64/2023-PPS  

Predators of aphids on apples were studied during the growing season in 2021 and 2022 in the region of East Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina. Eleven predator species were found on eight apple cultivars in the colonies of three aphid species, Aphis spp., Dysaphis plantaginea Passerini and Dysaphis devecta Walker. Seven species were identified from the family Syrphidae: Episyrphus balteatus (De Geer), Meliscaeva (Episyrphus) auricollis (Meigen, 1822), Eupeodes flaviceps (Rond.), Eupeodes corolae (Fabr.), Scaeva pyrastri (L.), Syrphus ribesii (L.) and Syrphus vitripennis Mg. The larvae...

Sex ratio dynamic of the field population of the sugarcane rust mite Abacarus sacchari (Acari: Eriophyidae)

Nur Asbani, Hardev Sandhu, Oscar Liburd, Julien Beuzelin, Ronald Cherry, Gregg Nuessly

Plant Protect. Sci., 2024, 60(1):89-96 | DOI: 10.17221/50/2023-PPS  

Sugarcane in southern Florida suffers from sugarcane rust mite (SRM) infestations, Abacarus sacchari, from summer to early fall. The mite’s sex ratio is important in understanding the mite's demography and population dynamics. This is the first report on the sex ratio of the field population of the SRM. The objectives of the study were to determine the sex ratio of the SRM and the factors that affect any changes in the sex ratio. To determine the sex ratio, mites were sampled from a sugarcane canopy each month over a 12-month period and the sex ratio was expressed as the proportion of females to the total number of sexed mites. The population...

The effect of conidia density and application frequency of the entomopathogenic fungus Aschersonia aleyrodis in controlling silverleaf whitefly (Bemisia tabaci) on tomato (Solanum lycopersicum Linnaeus)

Sudarjat, Fitri Widiantini, Yula Salsabila, Syariful Mubarok

Plant Protect. Sci., 2024, 60(1):80-88 | DOI: 10.17221/74/2023-PPS  

One of several important pests that attack tomato plants is the silverleaf whitefly (Bemisia tabaci) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae). An eco-friendly method to control B. tabaci utilizes the entomopathogenic fungus, namely Aschersonia aleyrodis. This study aimed to determine the effect of A. aleyrodis conidia density and the frequency of its application to control silverleaf whitefly (B. tabaci) pest on tomato plants under screen house conditions. This study used a randomized completely block design (RCBD) to test ten combination treatments. Each treatment was repeated three times. The results showed that application of A. aleyrodis at...

Antifungal effect of fresh and stored olive mill wastewater and its ethyl acetate extract against plant pathogenic fungi

Raja Jarboui, Mona Saber Azab, Hallouma Bilel, Shaima M.N. Moustafa

Plant Protect. Sci., 2024, 60(1):65-79 | DOI: 10.17221/91/2023-PPS  

Olive mill wastewater (OMW) has serious environmental implications due to its high organic matter content, particularly its phenolic compounds. Using OMW in crop protection has been suggested as an environmentally friendly alternative to reduce the impact of chemical pesticides on human health and the environment. This study aimed to investigate the antifungal activity of fresh and stored OMW, as well as its ethyl acetate extract, against several phytopathogenic fungi: Syncephalastrum racemosum, Paramyrothecium roridum, Fusarium oxysporum, and Verticillium dahliae. OMW was stored at 25 °C and 45 °C for three months, and both fresh and...

Controlling Phytophthora blight of pepper in Guizhou Province of China using Stellera chamaejasme extracts and synthetic chemical fungicides

Jiling Dang, Xingren Shi, Yuquan Lin, Mark L. Gleason, Jia Feng

Plant Protect. Sci., 2024, 60(1):53-64 | DOI: 10.17221/84/2023-PPS  

Phytophthora blight of pepper, caused by Phytophthora capsici Leonian, is a destructive disease in pepper production. Extracts of the plant species Stellera chamaejasme Linn, previously known in China as a source of herbal medicine, were also used in former years as a toxin against aphids, mites, and plant-pathogenic fungi. Extracts of S. chamaejasme (SC) and seven commercial fungicides were investigated for their inhibition of mycelial growth and germination of cysts of the pathogen in vitro. The SC alone, infinito (fluopicolide + propamocab + hydrochloride), fluazinam, dimethomorph, and their mixtures with SC strongly inhibited...

The combined application of Bacillus velezensis BCP6 and Jinggangmycin (JGM) to control soft rot caused by Pectobacterium aroidearum on Amorphophallus konjac

Mengjia Zhu, Siyuan Ren, Changlong Chen, Yu Tian, Zhijian Long, Zhiqiang Lin, Hua Xie, Ying Cao

Plant Protect. Sci., 2024, 60(1):41-52 | DOI: 10.17221/77/2023-PPS  

Amorphophallus spp. is an important group of crop and medicinal plants, but it is susceptible to infection by soft rot disease during both field growth and storage stages. This results in huge economic and yield losses, which must be properly addressed. Combined applications of Biological Control Agents (BCAs) and compatible chemicals have been recently considered as a more effective and reliable method to control bacterial soft rot. In the present study, we investigated the control effects against soft rot pathogenic bacteria Pectobacterium aroidearum MY11, using a BCA strain (i.e. Bacillus velezensis BCP6) and screening for three...

Medlar (Mespilus germanica), a novel natural host for Hop stunt viroid (HSVd)

Hatice Diğdem Oksal

Plant Protect. Sci., 2024, 60(1):31-40 | DOI: 10.17221/93/2023-PPS  

Hop stunt viroid (HSVd) infects various plants such as citrus, hop, almond, grapevine, pear, plum, peach, mulberry, fig, and pistachio. Medlar trees in an orchard in Malatya province of Türkiye were surveyed for the presence of HSVd in 2021. Twenty leaf and flower samples were collected and tested by RT-PCR methods using pathogen-specific primers. HSVd was found in five of the twenty medlar samples showing novel sequence variations. Two of the five HSVd variations were chosen at random and registered in GenBank. Both Turkish HSVd isolates had genomes that were 300 nucleotides long. The complete genome sequence of these variations was compared to isolates...

Net blotch (Pyrenophora teres Drechsler): An increasingly significant threat to barley production

Andrija Tomić, Vojislav Trkulja, Slavica Matić, Nenad Trkulja, Renata Iličić, Marco Scortichini, Tatjana Popović Milovanović

Plant Protect. Sci., 2024, 60(1):1-30 | DOI: 10.17221/122/2023-PPS  

Pyrenophora teres is a pathogen causing a net blotch disease in cultivated barley, which is present worldwide and can thus significantly reduce barley yields. This fungus also infects wild barley and other plants of the Hordeum genus, as well as barley grass, wheat, oats and plants from various genera, including Agropyron, Bromus, Elymus, Hordelymus and Stipa. Based on the symptoms it causes on the infected barley plants, the pathogen can be divided into two forms: P. teres f. teres, which causes net-like symptoms, and P. teres f. maculata, which causes blotchy symptoms. Infected seeds, stubble...